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About Google Book Search Google's mission is to organize the world's information and to make it universally accessible and useful. Google Book Search helps readers discover the world's books while helping authors and publishers reach new audiences. You can search through the full text of this book on the web at|http : //books . google . com/ mms^. I '.« ;•. /. ^^ /6 . •^ « Diciitized bv LjOO^IC ;km for ths Deliverance of Siet^f & d^ (he Vrmut for Thacof Komi. A ) Race Digitized by VjOOQIC Thf L I F E of . * iLace of Honour. Nor need wc vondcr if by tbe near Refemblance and Affinity of their Anions, they confirm that Maxim of their beloved Ouide in the Ways of Virtue, who (aith (i) that with* out a mptual concurrence of Power and Succefi^ joined 4ind tempered with Jultice and Prudence, nothing great and glorious can be accompliflied in the managcry of Public^ Af&irs. For as Hyppth macbus the Wreftler affirmed, (z) he could by their Port diftingui/h his Scholars at a great diftance, (?) tko* they were but carrying Meat from the ShariEibies y fo it is very probabk, that the ingeni- ous Sentiments of Thofe .who have had good Edu- cation do alike influence th^ir A&ions, and create in them a gentile Demeanor, very agreeable and ' becoming. Now we may draw a Paralkl of the Lives of thefc two great Men from their Fortunes, wherein Chance, notDefign, made them much alike, for they Wicxe Both cut off bv an untimely Death, not being able to accompliHi thofe Ends which through niany Rif^ues and Difficulties they aimed at. But nbove all. This is moft wonderful ; that by Divine (i) Tbis Sentiment oF fUto's is very juft, and coble. It n Thift /)ireiBbla|:e, ot.Com^aaSti«(pcrity and Succofa, , ,(i) This is very common, A Dancirtg-Mafter at the firft light of a Man can teH if hie lias'kaFri^t to Dance, and if be has bren taught in His School. For every Mailer gives his Scholars f parti* ciilar Torn and Air. This Coro- fiarifim in Tittiafch U eyrreani proper, Reafam, that n the Afoaen* mfofech into every Aftioq of bcr "Scholars a peculiar Decency aofi Barihony, and a Behavionr that vifibljr difcovcra tp an ohierving Eye under Whom th^ havie beea educated. ()) This W9s a cufiomary thing Anaong die Gnddtu, they wcinc rhei&lves fo the Markets «• . which is a Circumfbnce thatcaor not appear flrange to Thofe whp hove read the Charadkiv <^ Tiio* 'MMJ. Permiffiott Digitized by Googk DION. Paraxon Both of them had notice given of their approaching Death b^ a frightful and ominous Z)^f> mof9^ which vifibly appeared to them. Altho' there are a (ore of Men who utterly deny any fuch things and (iy, chat no Man in hi$ right Wits ever law a Phantom or Apparition ^ but that Children only^ and filly Women^ or Men crazed bv fome Diftem^ per of tHbir Mind, or Difeaie of tneir Body, cn^ totain Tuch idle and abfurd Fancies, over-fondly conceitj^ Cfaemfelves haunted with Spirits and Goblins* (i) Yet if DtM and Brutus^ Men ofgreac Courage and Learning, not eafily deluded by Fan* cy^ or difcbmpos^d bv any fudden Apprehenfion, were fo difturbed at tnefe Vifions, that they forth* with declared to their Friends what they hadfeen i I know not how we can avoid admitting again Thac Opinion of the Ancients (i) how abfurd foever if may appear, That the Devils and evil Spirits, ouc of an envious Hatred to good Men, vigoroufly oppofe whatever they do ^ and by raifing Diftra* ffcions and Terrors in the Mind, endeavour to (O It V mpft cortain that the Tcftiaaonjr of two Perfons •f JcDo vn Sa^ft and Probti^ is fiificieat C9 gaifi Credit to T4)iogs, which, ^oahdetcd in thcmrdvcs. fee;n moil incrdiWc. . Ncverthc- This is an iacontellable Truth kfs wt are fiot to believe thoie (iNTCof Apparttioni beciHile X>m sod Brutus aSEurxaa^ that a Pban- torn s^peared to Tbem, becaafe, it may be aHedged that They were Ochers* bi|t we are 19 ibdiievc ihcm apqp Teftii^^Qics more liire aod infallible ■ (t) Wieh VlutAfil/sXtvitix isjia^Aiitif^ity. by no njeani an abfurd- Qptoion, but ^c^;i ooe^^s no wife Man can refufe aiTentiag to. But the QaelHon is inverted here by PAr- $i^.ltJm$ Bot cuin iqiOQ this; Point, whether there really be evil Spirits who fettbemrdves agnnft gopd Aflenb and oidenrour tohin* d«r» or ^it^draw tbeip fram th» Purfiiit, and Pradicc oi Virtue, eftablidiad bf the -Authopirjr of jIUKgioni ^t ithe Matter in que^ dion js, if tbofe Spirits er^r ap- pc(ir to Men under Tuch horribje Figures as ha?e been repreftnred^ liable to be daboifVd Js Well ^; abd I am of Opioion tiiat it b a Fa^.of which no doubt istph^ raa^, suffer fo many unieniablf XelHmonics of it, t^hich aj)3und It rouft ht c»n# feOJjd^ th^' it is a point vpry iijiUe to Impofture^ They bave QDt appeared 16 All, who tend io bv: fcen them. ?f«f A4 ihake Digitized by VjOOQ IC P ~ The LI F E of {hake and uhdirmine their Virtue^ left by a fletcfjr und unbyafTed Perfeverance in Goodnei^, they ibould after Death obtain a happier Condition of futurity than tfaofe wretched Beings can ever hope for. .But I fliall refer thefe things to another place, find in this Twelfth Booi: of the Lives of crcat Men, .compared one with another) begin with Hi9 who was the elder. Dionyfius the Firil, having feized on the Govern- ment 6£. Sicily^ took to Wifcthe Daughter of jHfeyv mocrates^ a Syracufian. She, in an Ipfurreftioa which the Citizens made before the Government jRzs well fettled) was abu(ed in fuch a barbarous and outra&ious manner, that for {hame.thertoffhc putanencTto her t>^n\Aitfh\xt Dionyfius^cingioon re-eftabliihed and confirmed in the Throne, marr jried two Wives, One iiamed Doris a Native of Locrisy the Other jirifimafhe^ Daughfer of Hyfi- parimsy a I^oblematn of the firft Quality, in Syra^ fufe^and Collegue with I?i0jfyjius when he was cho-^ fen General of the Army, It is faid he married them Both in one Day,but Which he enjoyed firft js uncertain *, ever after he divided bis Kindnefs equally betwixt them. Both accompanying him together at h\^ Table, and in his Bed oy turns. In- fleed the Syracufian^ were prgcht that their own Countryrwoman might be preferred before the Stranger j but Doris^io recompence the Afperfion of being a Foreigner, had the good Fortune to be the Mother of Dmyftus*s eldcft Son, whilft ^- fiftomacbe continued a long time without Iffiie, tho' the King was very d^firous to have Children by her, and caufed JDorifs Mother to be pift to death, laying to her Charge, that ihe had be- witched jfriftomachep to prevent Conception. Dhn was Artfiomacbe'^ Brother^ and at firft found a very Hopour^ble Reception at Court, for pis Siftcr^s fakes but his own Worth and Bsuits Digitized by VjOOQiC D I ON. |bM procured him a nearer Place in the Prince's ASeaion^ who among other Favours gave fpecial Command to bis Treafurers to furniih Dion with whatever Money hq demanded, enjoyning them withal the fame Day to give him a particular Ac* count of what they had delivered to him. Now, tho' Dion was before reputed a Perfon of extraor« dinary Parts, a noble Mind, and daring Courage^ yet all thefe excellent Qualifications received z f oniiderable Improvement by Plato^s happy Arri- val in Sicify. It was without doubt no Human Contrivance^ but the Direftion of Providence, der figning that thi$ remote Caule ihould hereafter oc- xraiion the Recovery of the Sicilians loft Liberty, and the Subverfion of the Tyrannical Government, which brought the Philofopher out of Ifalyj and fettled him at Syracufe. Dion foon gained his Ac- qu^ntance, aiid became the moft coniiderable a- mpng his Scholars, by his wonderful Difpoiitioa to Learnii^, and Inclination to Virtue, far above what his Yean could promife, (i) as Plato himfelf reports of him, and his own Aftions fufficiently teftifie. For thb* he was brjod up under the Ty- rant in a Condition much below himfelf, inuredto a difTolute and iervile.kind of Life,under a haughty and imperious Command, glutted with extravagant Pleafures, and a cuftomary regard to nothing but Wealth and Luxury, (the miftaken Happinefs of jLifes) yet no fooner had he tafted the Sweets of more rational Notions^ and was made acquainted with the Precepts of Philofophy, which direft the (i) It is ia his feventh Letter^ ^ere lie faith m exprefs terms, Im^^fMri when 1 tiw^pd with ttoo^ ph0 was thm very ymng, pbm I ixfUmed to bk»fuch Things fiitiaight wert the bi^andmfi tkkfte/h th§ Vi^iure cf M^, md fJm^kimtaiko Fraaictrfthm, J little tbwgbt I Wits then infenfi* Uf efining m wjiy to fhe Hotm fub- nnrpm ef the Tyrmmy. Far he wsm rf m inih Temper,^ snd teek with fitch Re^dinefi and Vivacay what' ever was Jaid te him^ th»i I never faw any feimg l/lan wcrthy to be eompared with him, way Digitized by Google The LI F E of way to Virtue atxi true Satisfaftion, but hi$ A^ pecitp incceafedy and his Soul was inflamed witir a Defire of more KnowM^e, and gream* Attain- Diencs : Hereupon innocenclyt tho* not Judicioufly, concluding fyom his own ingenuous Dtfpofitioto^ Ithat the £ime powerful Reafbns would work the fame £flFe6bs upon Dionyfii^iy he ;made it bis Bufi^- liefs, and at length obtained the Favour of him at a leifure Hour to aomic and hear Piiiit§. At their meeting, the Subje£k-matter of tfieir Difeoarfe in general was Virtue, but more particularly they dif> putpd concerning FwtUude^ which PU^U proved Tyrants, of all Men, had the left pretence to % ^d thence proceeding to trea^ of Juftice, he a(^ (erted the happy Eftate of the Jiuft, and the mi(e« tiable Condition of the Unjuft. Here the Kin^ couched to the quick, and not able to anfwer his Arguments, would not endure to hear him out, being highly difpieiifed with the reft of the Audi« tors there prdenc, who with Wonder and Dellg^ bad liftned to his Dircouries. Ac length, dx^e^d- ingty exafperated, he asked the Phiiofopher in a great Rage, whac Bufineft he bad in Sieily? t^^ which Plfiio anTwered, / came hither u feek 4k ionefi Man: It f^ems- ri&^, replied Dio^Jms^ ym ham ioftufaur Lav&ur. Dkn conceiving i;bat-th€ King's 'Diifleaibre would not reft there, but might pof&ly be attended with more fetal Coofequences. U> P/cf^S'Requeft donveyed him ftiddenly: AbMrfl k Galley, the Captimi ^whereof wafi nanfied Poltis^ 4 Ijued^emerdam^ ^oi:^nd for Greece ihvi Dkfiyfiuspci^ vately prefled Polt'fS by all meaps to kill Plato in l^t voyage^ Qr at leaft to fell him for a Slave ^ /Vr, (aid he, if mil be doing Him no Injury^ finee atcofiing to his onxm Maxims^being ajuft-Man^ he mU be as happy in a fiate of Slavery as be can be in a free Condition. ' P4>lli/ tbcrcforcp as it is reported, carried Plato to jEginaf and there fok} ^im to the JEginetes^ ' • who Digitized by VjOOQiC D I O N. tt Vfbo were then at War %itb Jibensj ajodhad made a Decree^ 'That whatever Jtbenian was taken oq their ConOSf ibould forthwith be expofed to Sale. Nptwitbftaoding all This Z)/Vxi was in no lefs Favour and Credit with Dionyfius than formerly, but was entryfted with themoft cooiiderable Employments, and feni: on an Honourable EmbalTage to Carthags^ This Voyage ferved very much to raife his Cre* jit and lUpucaciony and gave him (till a greater (hare in the Friendship and Confidence of Diony^ fius^ iofomucb that the Tyrant bore very patiently the I^iberty he took with hiro| allowing him to fpeak bis Mind freely%and without any Referve, Of This we have an inttance in the fmart Repar^ tee he one day gave Dionyfim^ who ridiculing Ge^ Ws Government| and alluding to bis Namct faid^ Gelo was [Tihrn] the Laugbingftock of Sicily | while Others feemed to admire and applaud the Quibble^ Dim very warmly replied, Sir^ you got tbt Crovfn^ (x) by Uing truftedfor GeloV fake% hta far your f ah np man viill 9ver be trufiei hereafter % for indeed Gelo made it apfeaf\ that Monarchy was the befi of Qavernments^ and Ton have cowuinced us thai it is the werfi. Dionyfius had three Children by Dms^ and Fpgis by ^rifipmacbey Two of which were Daughters named Sofbrofym and Aret^e. Sophrofyne was matip /c^j^ rjed tp his eldeft Son Dionyfius^ whom he bad by ^^f-^^ Doris the Lareian^ and Arete to his Brother theari-i r ;\. ies% after whofe Death) Dionioo\si his Neice A^ )ftte to Wife. Now when Dionyfius was fick, and ]|fke to die, (a) Dion endeavoured to difcourfe with him (i) The ^Hfufiam wfr* fo diarmod wich ^tj^'s Probity and Juftjce that thcjr were cafily di(^ noied to fubmic to Dmyfius In hopes of betog governed by ajufi iodgracioai Moosrcha which in- ^ deed k the oiofl defirable an^ moft perfeft ofallGoveroinenti. (i) Dhn*s deiign was to pre* vail with him to prefer bis ChHr dreoby ArifiomMche^ who wast SjracHJion by Birth* to Thaie bf Dms Digitized by VjOOQ IC i» The t I F E of \Am in behalf of the Children he had By Arifio^ macbe j but the Phyficians, defigning thereby to ingratiate jthemfelves with the next Succetfbr^ were too quick forhim^for^as 3i;»^i;^^ reports, the Prince having demanded fomething to make him fleep,' they prepared for him fo ftrong a Pofe that it foon' deprived him of his Senfes^ and made hifn fleep his laft. Immediately upon the Death of his Father thp young Dionyjius lumm'oned a' Council, confifting of his Friends, and Such as he thought were moft in his Imereft. There i)/^» difcourfed.fo well upon the prefent Exigency and State of Affairs, that he made all the reft appear in their Politicks but young, Sratefmen ^ and in their Votes, rather Slaves than Counfellors, who .timorouily and djfingenuoufly advifed what would bett pleafe the young King^ rather than advance his Intereft. But That which flartled them moft, was the Propofal he made to avert the imminent Danger they feared cif a War with the Carthaginians^ undertaking to Tail imme- diately over into Africk^ and if the King' defirc4 it) to conclude a Peace upon honourable Terms % but if he rather inclined to War, that he would fit but and maintain at his own proper Coft and Charges fifty Gallics^ ready for thd Service. Dio^ nyfius admired his Gallantry, and received the Franknefs of his Offer with great Satisfaftion. But the other Courtiers, thinking this GcneroJSty re- fleftcd upon Them, and jealous of being lefTened^ by his growing Greatnels, from thence took all Occafions by private Infinuations and Slanders to render him obnoxious to the King's Difpleafure % as if he defigncd by his Power at Sea to furprizc. the Government, and by the help of thofe ^^[avs^l t^vrit who wat « Forei^er; al- Icd^ing that the Children of a Natiire were preferable lo Thoie of a Stranger. Befides Mft^mth M% Son5 were his owp 'Ner phcws, and Brothers-in-law. ■ . - Forces Digitized by Google Foit^ COisfer tht fut>reain Authority upon his Siftd: Jrtfimacbe^s Children; But indeed the moft ap^ parent and prime Caufe of their invidious and ma« licious Proceedings againft him, was his Referved- nels in Conver&Qon, itnd Singularity in his way of living i for They whb had from* the beginning by Flattcrriefs^d all mannerof unworthy Artifices mli- Buated themfelves into the Favour :ind Familiarity of the Prbice, youthful' and voluptuoufly brcd^ were wholly fuhfervient to liis Pleaiuresvand fought how 10 entertain him dai^ With new Amours, and fuch idle and extravaj^nt Employs, as Wine^ Women, and o^her lewd JDiverfions : By which means the Tyranny, like Iron fgftned in the Fire, feemed to tbeSubje^to be more moderate and gentle, and to ajbate fomewhat of its extream rSeverity^ the £dge thereof being blunted, not by the Clemency, but rather the Sloth and Degeneracy of the young King^ whofe DifTolutenefs gaining Ground daily, and growing upon him, foon weakned and broke thofe Adamantine Chains, with which his Father Djo»ji^»sSud he had left the Monarchy faftned and fecured. It is reported of him, that having begun a drunken Debauch^ he continued it ninety Days without Intermiffion i in all which time no grave Man appeared, no ferious Difcourfe was beard at Court,but Drinking, Singing, Dancing, Buffbonry, and all forts of licentious Raillery reigned there i without Controul. Whilft they were thus taken ! up it may eafily be imagined that they could bear I any thing rather than the Prefence of Dion^ who never indulged himfelf in fuch Diverfiotis and [• Youthful ^olickss (i) for which realon they l\ made I fi)TUs if the MetM con* and Integrity, tbey attribute to Avdjr taken by Thofe whofe I their Virtaes the Names of thoie Ba£ne& it is to dtfoountenance I ?ery Vices, which are oppugnant • aorf &^nc€ Perlboi of Vkcue Ico tbsm, as has beeo very wetl * ^ e^laiued ■ Digiti*d by Google 14 The L I B U of made bis very Virtues the Subjeft tt tlMit Galutil- iiieS) and nick^ntmed trhatever waft femarkable in him, Vm: They called bis Gravity Pfide^ his Plain- dealing Obftioacy, tbe good Advice be gate was all conftrued Reprimand, and be vn^ ceitfared for negle&ing and fcofning Tbofe wbotta he' wotild not accompany in their Mifitemeanonrs. And to fay the Trucb^ he was naturally of a htoghty Hu- mour^ auftere, referred^ and unfotiable in Conve/* fation^ which made his Company unpleafant and difagreeable^ not only to the young KiAg^ wh6 de^ lighted in none but his fi&ooth-tongued Courtiet^ and Pacafites^ but many alfo of Dkii!% intimate Friends, tho* they well approved the Integrity and Generofity of his Temf^r, yet juftly blamed \m furly .Carnage, as ikrouring too mueh of an uti* cpoth atld uarched Humour, and wanting feme- thing of Addreis and due Civility in the Reception of Tbofe who applied themfelvesto him \ of which Plau afterwards wrote to hinu and (^s it were prth phetically) adviied him carefully to avoid a lurly Demeanour, unleis he intended to be abandoned by all Society, and live alone by Hltdfelf. Now, tho' Dims by reafOn of the prefent Stite of Affairs was very confiderable and in j^reat £fteem, as being the only Stay and Prop of the Government, whith was in a tottering and unfafe Condition \ yet he Well underftbod that he owed not his Greacnefs to the King's Kindnefi, but t6 the Neoefficy of his Concerns > tod fuppofing the prime Caufe of This to be his Ignorance and want of Education, he endeavoured to induce him into a Courfe of ingenuous Studies, and acquaint him explained by Horace, Sat, iii. Jtt ms virtitHi iffrs brvertimm. That which follows perfe&ly agrees with this Paflage in P/v- tarch, and cciiTincetll u» that Scandal and Derra6tion ahoani DO where To nmch as in tbt Courts of Priocet. with, Digitized by VjOOQ IC Dl ON. rnith iha Vitctpis of Mofalicy ^ (berebf bopiAfl| ^ ukt off the kwtt&tfn be bid to Vitttie, and (^ Degrtes idui'ii bim to' a Complacency: iii petlbrnw jng g6bd and Ito^abte AaioM. DUnyfius in hii bwn Natiire ffvA itbt tb« wofft of Priidces, but bit Ptitfiar (tai'tng tbibt i(^ Jye ikoQtd come tounderftanA biti^felf beilt6r$ aAdconverfe'Wkh wlfe^and learned Men, be inigbt cofopldt agamft hhn^ and difpof^ fefs htm of his Kingddffi) (i) k^pc hitti in a clofe GdfifititbiMttobir Lodgings } wbere^ f^r #inc c^'otBa^ Coftipaby^ attd ignontiU hbw^co fpenid hi^ iSmti btttet; ht btifilfd binlfeir Ifi making itoW GhdrMts^ CaUdl^llitks) JoiiiCnStoob^ Tables, ami i^it^Mhk w^6a6h Itfipie^eAtft. Fo* his Father, m^ ot^/Urtht Viiim^^riSfci diffident and'Afpicibm^ all M^Hkind, arid Wichal fo wi^tcfaedl)^ fearfulythac Il8 Would hot fiiflRf^A Bkber if6 erim hit» fo cimorpusi was he, fo miferabk a Slav^ tp bi$ Fear, yet veiy; angry with PUio^ becaufe: be wei^l^inot ^Uow.hiinr to be the valianceft Man'aliye: Dim (as wefaid before) k.^^Dknyfius t}>eSon« defcftive in h»3 Ufiderftaading^ ^nd irregular in h^. Manners, for want of good . Education, advifed him to fet to 3cudy > p^ifujbding hkp earnefUy %p^ entreat PUto^ the grea(eft Philofopher in ; the World, to come into Sicily 5 ':and; wfien he catney, to commit hintfelf to. \m DireftioQ and. Adyice^ by whofe Inftru&ions he might learn to lead a vir-t tuous Life, and be conformable, to ;the glorious^ Idea of that Divine Eflence, whpfe . wife Condufi^ ^ all things obey, and which oMf^^.CpnfuIionfor^*' cd the beautiful Order of the Univerfe 5 by which Means he would procure great. tiapfMuefs to Him- ielf and all his Subjeds $ who^i obliged by hisju^-* ftice and Moderation, would Xh*n ; willingly pay- him Obedience as their Father, which nowgrudg- i^gly> and upon Neceflity, th^y are forced to yield him as their Lord. For /Fear ^md F(frce^ faid he, i». ffreat Navy andftanding Armies^ are not {as your Fa^ therfaidy the Adamantine* Chains vibi<:b fecure the Regal Power f but the Love and^ Affeaion of SubjeSts to their Prince ^endeared to him by his Clemency and Juftice % wbicb^ tbo* they feem more pliant than tbe^ ftijf and hard Bonds of Severity^ are neverthelefs the Jlrongeft and moft durable Ties to fix and efiab/ijb a fettled and lafiing Empire : Moreover^ it is mean and dijbonourabk that a Prince^gldrious inhis Equipage^ and fpkndid in the Galantry anS Magnificence of his Courts Jbould not at all excel a Peafant in Difcourfe and Con* verfation^ Digitized by Googk DIOR 17 'oerpaionj nor have bis Prikcely Mind aceofkpli/bed^ as Will as bis Body adorned^ according to his Royal Dig'- nity. -<..-: Dion frequently entertaining the King upon this Subjedk) atid as Occafion offered repeating (bme of the Philofophers leariwd Arguments, Dimyfius grew impatiently dcfirotls to have Plato's Compa^ ny, and to hear him difcourfe:- Forth wirh rbia-e- fore he fent divers Letters to him to jfthns^ to which Dipn added His Entreaties-, alfo feverai Phi- lofophers of the Pythagorean Sc6t from 'Italy ptr^^ fuaded him td come and manage the pliable Youth c^f the King, and by his grave and ferious Advice feftrain the unliable and defultory Efforts of his new-acquired Power and Grandeur. Plato (as he fays himfelf j being afhamed to feem bufie only in Words, and flothful in AQfion, hoping withal^ that if he could work a Cure upon one Man, the Heind and Guide of the reft, he might remedy the Diftempers of the whole Kingdom of «f/V/7j^5 yield- ed to their Requefts. But jD/c>»'s Enemies fearing an Alteration in Dio" »y/»j,perfuaded him to recall from Banifhment one PA#/r^«j,a Learned Man indeed, but very skilful in Tyrannical Policy,whom they defigncd to fct in Op- pofition to Plato and His Philofophy. For Pbh Uftus from the Beginning wa^ a great Inflrumenc to promote the Tyranny, and being Governor of the Caflle, kept it a long time for that Faftion. There was a Report, that he had to do with the Mother oi Dionyfius the Firfi, and that he was not altogether ignorant of it. But Leptines, having two Daughters by a married Woman whom he had debauched, gave one of them in Marriage to Pbilijfusy wit^iout acquainting the King, who be- ing enraged, :put Lepines*s Miftrefs in Prifon, and banifhed Pbiliftus^ who thereupon fled to fome of hij frknds at Jdria^ in which Retirement and You. VIII. B Lcifure Digitized by Google l8 The LTF E €f Leifure it is probable (i) be ccHnpoled tbe great- -eft Ptrt of his HiJftory \ for he returned not into his Country during the Reign of that Di»- ^ But after his Death, as is before related, Dim^% Enemies occafioned hiin to be recalled home, as £tter for their. Purpofe, and a firm Friend to the urbiixary Government, which he immediately upon his Reiurn endeavowed to abett y and at the fame time divers Calumnies and Accufations againft Dim were by Others brought to the King) as that he held Correfpondence with T'beod^tes ami Heraclidir^ to fcibvert the Monarchy : For indeed it is likely he had Hopes by the coming of Plato to take off the unlimited Power of Dionyfins^ and make him moderate and equitable in his Authority ^ but if he continued averfe to That, and were not to be reclaimed, ho refolved to dcpofe. him, and reftore the Common-wealth to tbe Syracufiam % not that he approved a P^mocrapy or Popular Government^ but thought it prcfcrrable to a Tyranny, when a good Anftocracy or l^egency of the Grandees ' could not be procured. This was the State of Affairs when Plato came into Sicily. At his firft Arrival he was received with wonderful Demonftrattons of Kindneis and « Refped ^ for one 6f ^e King's richeft Chariors waited upon him when he came on Shore. Dio-( (0 This fhiUfim was not only aPerfbn of (ingular Knowledge in Marrial Affairs, but he was likewife a great Hidorian. He compofcd the Hiftory of JBgypf in twelve Books, That of Si»ly in as many, and That of Dmyfius the Tyrant in fix. Cicero runs out h) far in his Commendation ai to (ay he was almoft JhufyduUs. the If 6, ftw t^filki IhHcj4iid$St by which he meant that he was tf (Ittdious Imitator of him* and came not far behind him. It is true he never conld arrive at the Dignity of Sryle in Jlm^MJm^ but he made amends for that De- fed by bis Pcrfpicuity. That which be was moH to be blamed for WW hia zailooi Attachment to Tyranny. Digitized by VjOOQIC DID N; t^ tqfim ¥SitaiA§ ikcriAdod toxht Gods in thankful AckM^ltK^fint fdr th^e-MttHappincfir they had hjrthe Anrivalof that Philofoi^iiercofifmed oh his KingdWfi. Thtf' Citfefew' affo- eflCtttaintd Oftivtl- Ibtis Hopes bf a ifpeedy kttd elye^ugb Refbrmntion : Fer that at €dUft thcy'bbfemd a tnodeft-i9l;fOfM» in thek It'drfliiigs, a giUvc Compofupc iw ehcir Be- fiaviouf,- and the Kiftgf Hinifdf retained kind and 6Migp*g Aftfwtfrt to all' PfctkioJW and Gaufes thac - Wttrtf !mJOght before hiict. Men were gehendlv growtt VcffdefirooS oT Lcairtiing, aodeageriy »• tent trpon the Study of niiloTophyiiirfbMutihtbac ail the Aparf«tefks irt the Cottrfriefetf were like l» inany„Schopls of Geomtrkia»$ fnU- of the -tiatk which tfiofd Students m^e offeof ttf defifrifteth^ir Mathe«ib{ic^' Figure^ and' (6 geaeml- Wd» ihe Thirff after Leawaifi^ and -Kftttwkdgft • " . Nbt lafig after, at a foI<}iAri' Sicrifitti ifathe C^ftte, -aicordiflg to the Caftombf the Coufltry^ wlien the Prieft, as he was wonc, pr^i«d fottho long GonrinuadtJc' of the prtfeflt Goveramenc f DimyJiusfiiBdinghy, W« heard to fey, A^jf, wifli f youfig'Kiflg^s -Mind, cd»fijqudnt- ly by longiSr-Coovcrfe, and' greater Iritlttwcyy htf would get fijch Pbwer and Authority, chat it would be iarpofllble'to witbftandhiiD'. They did therefore no longer privately aad apart^ but jointly stod in publich All of them railac Dh»i fKoiftngic sbour, that he mariftftly charmed and bewitched! Dkn^m by Ptato's Sophiftryj to the End, thav when he W»S pcriiiaded vokintarily to part with- the Regene^, and throw oflF his Authority, bkt^ might take it up, and fettle dt upon his Sifter if- riftomaeie'a Children. Others fecmed to take it in^ grew Scorn, that the ^hehiansy who formerly* B 4 arrived Digitized by Google Mt The L I F B df arrived in Sicily witji'a grt^t Fleet, and oxiinerous Land- Army, buc were jrou(ed and beaten. o^wi^h great LoG, withpqt being sible (o much .as\to take the City bf Syracufiy &ko\M now by means of one Sophi{&r9.overturn tJae whole Ecnpii:^ of i>/^j!^«f ^ invcagling. him to qaihier his Guard of ten tbou« fand Lances, difmifsa Navy of four hundred Ga^ ties, disband an Army of ten thoufand Horfe^ and? triple the number, of Foot, and go feek in the Schools an qn]tn,own and imaginary Blifs, ^nd leara from the Academy how to be happy j while in the. memtva^ he rcfigned the . &bftanti^l Enjoyments of abfolute Ppwer, jElidhes and Pleafure ta Dion and bis .Sifter's Chiyjt^n, , By^^it moansat fifii i)/V;i incurred the KingV Su^i^cicin,! and by deg^i^is his apparent^ Difpleafure and Averfion.A Letter alfo was intercepted,. which ZVtfUchad, \vrit to the Carthaginian Agents, advifing ^heiQ, /^iP/ "wben ^bey treated with Dionyfius^roit^fr^- ifiga Peace^ tbeyjboi^ not come to tb^ir jiudlenee^ a^fsjie were tberey and tben be would effeSlualiy difpatcb tbeir Bujinefs according to their Minds., When DionyfiUs had iheiSFed this to Pbiliftusj and, as 72- ^^skfiy^ delates, confultcd with Him about k, he o<* ver-reached Dion by a feigned RecQOciliation, fairly pretending to receive him again to his Fa- vour ) but leading him i^lone one Dayto the Sea- iSde, under the Caftle WaJU, he (hewed him the Letter^.and ta^ed him with Confpiring with the Carthaginians againft him 5 when Dion efTayed to offer fom^thing in his own Defence, Dionyjius rc- fufed to hear him, and immediately forced him 4^-. board a Veflel, which lay there for that purpofe^ and commanded the Sailors to fet him.afhore on the Coaft of Italy^ and there leave him.. . When This was public^kly known, all Men! thought it very hard Ufago, and a greair< piece of Cruelty. The Ladies alfo in the Court mightily . . ^ lamented Digitized by Google D I O N. it lamented Dion. But the Citizens of Syracufe en- couraged themfelves, expeffcing that for His fake iom^ Infiirrcftion would cnfoc ; which together with the Miftruft Others would have of thcjKing, upon this account, might occafion new Meafures^ and an ' Alteration in the State \ which Dionyfius perceiving, and being very much concerned at, he endeavoured to pacific the Women, and Others of Dion's Friends and Relations j afluring them, that he had not banifhedj but only fent him out of the way for a time, fearing that if he continued there prcfenc upon the Place,^ Paffion might pre- vail upon him to punifh his Obftinacy with greater Severity^ At. the fame timd he allowed his Friends tyroShivsj and gave them* Liberty to load on board all his Wealth, and rich Furniture, and tranfport it to him in Petoponmfus. For Dion was immeiifly rich, and little inferior to the King him- Iclf in the Splendoi* and iFurniturc of his Houle> which his Friends packed up and conveyed to himj; bcEdes inany rich Prefents, N^ich were fent him b/ the Ladies and Others of his Acquaintance. In- fomuch that the abundaiice of his Wjcalth and Trcrfife gained him jgrcat Ifbnour and Regard a-^ mong the Grecians y and this Opulcnfce,' and Gran-; dure of a Perfon who at the beft was but a Sub-^ jeft, and was now an^xile^ gaVfc them a Specimen of the unlimited Power "aiid Magnificence of the Tyrant. — As foon VLsDion was packed off the Tyrant re- moved iP/^/(? into the Caftlp, defigning under co- lour of an honourable and kind Reception, to fee a Guard upon him, left he (hoqld follow Dion^ and- declare to the World in his ^ehalf, how injurioufly he bad been dpdlc with. But now Time and Con- verfation (as /wild Beaftifby ufc grow ;tamc and iraftablc) brought Dionyjius to endure Plato'sCom^' pany and iHfcourfe j fo that he began to love the B } Philo^ Digitized by Google ^% The J[^ I F E ef Philoibpher, but with %h an Affcaion^ as had fomething of the Tyrint ip ir, requiring 'of Plata^ that he mould, in return: of his KiDoneft, Ipvp iiimonly, and admire Him above all oihcr Men ^ being ready to permit to his Care the chief Mar liagement of Affairs^ and even the GoyernmeoF ^too, upon Condition that he would not, .prefer iD/>»'s Friendfliip. before His. This extravagant Affcfiion was a great Trouble to Pkto^ for. it wap accompanied with. petulant and jealous Humours^ like the fpnd Paffions of Thofe who arcdeipcpately in Love J fre^jjucntly fallin|; ouf with him,anii.pwr fently eptreatmg to |)^ Friends ag?iin rj for now hf was beyond meafurc defirous to be Ph$/s Scbolaiv ^nd to proceed in the Study of Pbiloiophyj ye^ te.feemed ftill tphavp iome regret, ^afjd to.bf ^^Ihamedpf hjmfelf to Thofe ^ho cpijeavpured ta pervert him froin thi^ Pefign^/aa if \.h|e. were §rown degenerate^ and like to be rpoile4;aqd ^n« * 3ut a. War about ^is time bres^ing o\^ hp waf obliged to fend Plata zyfzvy but pramifed him be «^ fore his Departureto recall /)/^0 the next Slimmer} tho* in This he y/as npF (o good ^s his Word, no- verthclel? he remitted to ; him the Produft of hi$ Revenues ^ defiring Pi^/a- to excufe hin;^ for the prefixed time, by reafpn p(* ihe W^r s bujt as fooa ^as he had fettled a, Peace,. he would immediately fend for him j requiring him in the. Interiip to be quiet,, .and not ra:He atiLy^Difturbance^ qpripeak any thing ill of him among the Gr^ciam,- This Plata endeavoured tp cflfeft, by keeping l)i(m with him i'p'thc jicademx% wd.bufying hipi in his Pbilofophi-. cal Sti^di^s. Xh^n fojourned in tb?. City with Cali^Sy mno of his Acquaintance J but for hisi Diverlion, he bought; n Seat in the Cpuntry,^ which aftemaids, wh^a he went inixxSicily^y, he gvrp to-^fieu^ffusj the Digitized by Googk DIOR chemoft familiar Companion he had of all his Friends at Atbensi Plato dcfigniiig by Speucippus'i ^leaianc Converfacion, full of feafonable and witty Aiirth, tO' fweecen and divert Dion's aaftere and melancholy Temper \ for Speucippus was a very in- genious and merry Droll, as Ttmon^ in his Satyrs, calls him. Whilft Dion was refiding at jttbens it happened to be Plato^s turn to exhibit the juvenile Shews, and Dion taking upon him the ordering and ma- nagement thereof, defrayed the whole Expcnce at 'his own Charges Plato giving him this Opportu- nity to oblige the jAbeniansi which was like to procure bis Friend more Kindnefs, than Credit to liimfclf. Dion went alfo to fee feveral other Ci- ties, and was entertained in their Publick Aflem- blies by thofeof the beft Quality and Underfland^ iog in Stat^ Afikirs^ betraying hothirig in his Coh- verfation either rude or unbecoming ; neither tak^ inff too much State upon hib) nor too eadly con- defending I but in all his Benaviour he fh^Wed a great deal of Modefty,. Gchcrofity, and Manly Bravery : And in his Philbfophical and Poliricll Diicpuries, no lefs Skill and Learning j by which means he. gained the Love and Relbcfl; of all Men, and in mjiny Cities had piiblick Honburs decreed bim I the Laeed^monians making him a Ciifzfcn of Sparta^ without regard to the Difpleafure olF Dio- Uifiusi tho*iat that time he aided them in their Wars againft the ?i&^^a»f. . . ^ . It is reported,' that -p/^»t upon art InVicition, went to the Houfc of Pteodorus^ the Mmrenfiafti who was a very Potent and Wealthy mktix drid when by reafoh of the great Concurfc cf Teofjlfe' about hid^DoorS) who waited for the difpa^h.pf Bufinefs^ his Accefi was troublefome and dilEci^It;,; turnihg about to his Friendsi 5Vho feemed cdrt< ccrncd and "angry at it, it'hiit rpifini laid he, b^W B4 ^'^ ' 'm Digitized by VjOOQIC *> 14 Thf LIF E 9f We to lUme Pteodorus, 'mho our [elves ufedour Vifir tants no better when we were at Syracufc? Soon after) JDionyJius envyiog Dion^ and witbal jealous of the Favour and Intcrcft he had among (be Qracians^ put a ftbp upon his Incomes > and no longer fent liim his Revenues^ making his own Commiflioners Truftees of the Eftate ; but endea* youring to obviate the Ill-will and Difcrcdit, Vhich upon Plato's account might acci\ie tp him ^imbng the Pbilofophers, he got into his Court Mfny who were reputed Men of Learnings and ^mbitioufly d^firing to furpafs them all in their De- bates, he was forced (tbo' fom^times very imper- tinently) to make i^fe of what he had occaiionally learnt from Plato^ aiid now wiftied for his Com- pany again, repenting he had not made better ufe of it when he had it, and given no greater heed to his e:8rcellent Precepts and Difcourfes : Like a Ty- rant therefore, inconfiderate in his Defires, heady and violent ip his Paflions, on a fudden he waii eagerly bent on the Dc^gn of recalling him, and left no Stone unturned, but prevailed with jfrcby^ Us and the other Pythagorean Philofophcrs to ftan4 obliged for the Performances of his Promifes, and to pcrfuade him to return into Sicily^ (i) for it was Plato who ^rft brought them acquainted withiD/^- nyftus^ and eftabliihed the Right of Hofpitality be- tween thcpi. Thcle Philofbphers fent Arcbidemus in their Be- half to Platg^ and at the fame time Bionyfius fent fome Gallics, and feveral of his Friends to impor- tune him to comply with his Requeft. He likcr wifp t^rote tQ him Himfelf, telling him in plain • (ij This VUt^ Himfelf tcWs us in hts ftventh' L^cer. "Bw. b^mr$ i Ufr Urn I had ifitrpductd Ar- chyras, 'a»d the otkir Fh^ophirs g^ Tarentum inf9 Ifhi Xquattt- imt% tmd Tthnd/h^'4ftkMtVrmUj and ifiMJhed the BJgh ef Ma^^, taiity betwm fhem, ^maj» ^ Tcrmi, Digitized by VjOOQiC D I ON. xj TeirmS) that HicmmMfi never loekfor Mjr Favour or Kindm/sj if Plato would not he prevailed ^tjb fo come into Sicily -, hnt upon his Arrival be might them heaffured of whatever he defired. Dion alio was much ibliicited by his Sifter and his Wife to oblige Plato to gratifie Dionyfius in this Rcqucft, and pre- tend no Excufe to the contrary. So that, as Plato fays tff himfelf^he fet Sail the third time for Sidly^ (i) Dari% once more the terrible Charybdis. This Arrival brought great Joy to Dionyfius^ and no lefs Hopes to the Sicilians^ who were as earneft in their Wiihes, as ftudious in their Endeavours, th^t Plato might get the better of Pbiliftusy md Philo(bphy triumph over Tyranny: Neither waf he unbefriended by the Ladies, who upon all Oc- cafions ftudied to oblige him^ but he had from JDionyfius that peculiar Credit, which no Man elfe ever obtained, to that degree of confiding, thac he might come into his Prefence without beins examined or fearched. When the King offered him a very confiderable Sum of Money, and re« peated the tender of his Bounty, but Plato ftill (i) This is a Vcrfe in the twelfth Book of Homer's Qdjjfty. . ^O^f Its rh €?ionv ivA^i" which word for word is OviTf uMff to toefi th$^ t§miU Ciiarybdis. tnd tfias the Verfe ftands quoted hj fUu in his (ev«mh Letter. fkamreh has changed a Word» and in(lead of dvAyL(l^i€atyj he has it i^o^oBpivffUf. The quc- ffioaii what th« Meaning can he of that Word, which has puzlej the Interpreters. I am of Opinion Plutarch has made ufe of it to fif^Wy that this third Voyage of FiMti into Siiily was the Caufe of the Tyrant's DeHrudionj; or rather that fUto went a third time to engage, and endeavour to exterminate in Diofyfius the Cbor ryBJis, that is the Monfter,. the Tyrant, hy converting him, and rendring him a Prince foil of Tttftice and Ben^ity. ThisSenfe fcems to be confirmed by' what followeth, that Vhihfifhj might tmmfb over Jjframy. rcfufcd Digitized by LjOOQ iC ^ The L IFE of' refured to accept it, JriJHppm the CyreHiani then l^efenc, faid, ^at Dionyfius mas liberal vntbwi danger $f burttp^ his "Treafury \ for to Tbofii 7ttb§ ^anttd much he gave veri Htfle^ and offered a ffttit deal to Plato, becaufe he received nothing. . After the firft Compliments of Kiodne6 wctle oyer, whenP/^/c? begapto difcourfc of Dian^ he i^ras at firft diverted by Dilatory Ezcafes,. whicil foon after begat Feuds and Difgufts, tbo* as yec not publickly taken notice of^ 'jyionjtjiids ci^dfi^^ vouring all be could to conceal them $ and by father Civilitiies and honourable Ufagb fco dr^w^hiAi ofF from his Kindnefs to Ditm. Piato f<»r fome time did not divulge this perfidious DeaUng, and Breach of Prottiife, bat bore with it, and difTembldd his Refentment* .While Matters ftood thus betwixt them, and as they thought they were unobferved and undifcovered, HeUcon the Cyzkinianf one of Plato's Followers, foretold ao Eclipfe of tti^ Sud, which happened )according to his Predi&ion : For which he was much admired by the King, and rewarded with a Talent of Silver, jlr^^m^ drolling with fome othen of the Phibrophers,tokt them, He aUb bad fomcthing ; extraordinary to Prognofticate J wbich they entreating him to de- clare, I foretell faid he, that Dionyfius and Plato will in a very little time fall out. At length JDiouyJius made Sale of Dion\ Eftate, converted the Money to his own Ufc^and removed Pl<^io from an Apartment he had in the Gardens of the Palace, jto Lodgings near Thofe of the Guards be kept in Pay, who bore Platv^ an old Grudge^ and fought Opportunity to make him away 5 fup- pofing he advifed Dionyfius to lay down the Go-? vemment, and disband his Soldiers. When Arshy^ fas underftood the Danger Plata was in, he imrne-^ diacely fcnt a Galley with Mcflengers, to demand him of Ddonyjiusi aUedging, that he ftood engag^ f for Digitized by Google D I O N. for 1m Safi^^y^ upon ihe Confidence of which PlaUamc for Sicily. DianyjSus^ to palliate his fe- cret Hatred, bc£ow^ Plaio departed, created iUa w'ub great Entertainments and all feeming Detnoi^- finitiopspf Kindnefsy biit could not forbear hreal&- 'wg out one pay into (uchan £xpreilion as This| No doiibt Plaio, ipben you are at iam among H» PbilofopberSj your Co$nfaHions^ yon wUl cov^hin of il/f, ^d reckon up a gre^ many of my^ Faults. To which Plato fmiling rct|tirn*d, Aniwer, L^ope^ Sir^ *7 m^ do not altogether agree with %\ix% Relation. Dion was veiy ^ngry at This, juid not long after declared himfelt an. open Enemy to Dionyfius^ hav^ ing reoeivedfome Intelligpnce coi^corniiig his Wift^ about which Phso by I^ettcrs had^Wd a Corre^ fpondence with pionyfius^ i now ; thus it was. A& ter Bio9^^^^ Baniihimeiki;) >b/^^^ tending bacjc Plato,^ deiircd him to ask Dim privately, if he would be againflf his Wife's: marrying a^ofhpr^pd^.* (Fqf there went a Report^ whether true, or r^ifed by l>ipn*%^ Enemies,^ was ^u^qertain, that his matrimo<» nial State was oQt agreeable to htti^> anc| that there was ^CoolncTs, audi i|d^£Ebrence between Him, and jSrete.\ Wherefore.. wjifn P/^/^ came to ^thons^ and had difcourfed the matter With Dion^ he wn't a Letter Xj(^ Dioj^i/Uts in ^f^hich be e;H:preffi:d every thing elfe plaip|y ^iid fntelligibly > but this AfFai^ in covert and abftrufe X?f "^s, that npi>e elfe bui He might underfland' it ». Signifying therein, tbac he haa talked w^h J^is^i ^out the Bufincfsi an4 that it was evident, c. he would highly rcfciit theAfi front, i£,DionyJ^us flxQuld attempt any ^uc:h.Tii^ipgi At that Time tk€;refbre,. whije ther^were* yet; anyi Hopes of an Acqommodation, he ailfpfqd .nothing in hi^Si^cr^s Gonc^ras,^ iufFqring^hcr to live withj Digitized by Google ^ 7he L I F E of ^Dimfi Son ; but when Things were comt i6 that Pafe, that no Reconciliation could be cxpeflred, 'Md that PUt9j after his feconi Return, was agaift ient away in Difpleafure, he then forced Arete a- gainft her Will to xmrry^fhnocrates^ oncbFhis Fa- yonritesj in this A6tion cotaliijg fliort, even of his Father's Juftice and Lenity. For when PkUo^ewf^ who had married his Sifter TAefle^ being fn Dif- grace, and his declared Enemy, for fear had -fled and left ^/V/i^Kj he font for' his Sifter, and taxed hei*, that being privy to her Hasband*s Flight, ihe had Hot declared it to Him : But the Lady, confident and fearfcfe, made him this Reply : Da youielieve mei Brother^ fo bad a Wtfe^ or fo timorous a JVoman^ that having known my Husband* s Flight , I would not have bom him Company^ and Jhared the worft of hii fortunes. jOasf I was ignorant of it*, for better bad it been for me^ and more 6onourable^ to be cdlkd /Kr ff^tfe of the £w'fe Philoxcnus, than the Sifter of the Syrant Dionyfius. •Tis faid, the.King admired Jher ready and confident Anfwer*; the Syrdcuftans aHb honoured her for her Bravery 5 infpmuch, that Ihe retained her. Dignity and Princely Retinqe after the Diflbluriott of the Tyfanny j: and when (he died, the Citizens, by public^ Decree, attcfndiid the Solemnity of her Funeral. - -Tho' this be a Di- greffion from the prcfcntPurpofc, it is not altoge- ther an ufelefs Remark. ' From this time jD/WTet his Mind wholly upoii a War, tho* Plato endeavoured to diflfuade hinn from it, in regard to the hofpitable Entcrtainmtenc he had received from Dionyjius y and alfo confider-« ing the advanced Age of Dion i Bup Speucippus and the reft of his Friends affifted and encouraged hifn' to undertake the Deliverance of Sicily^ which- in humble manner, with Hands lifted up, feemed to implore his Help, and flood with open Afta's ihiv pttieijt to receive him. Foi^wm^rhto'i ^ojobrn Digitized by Googk It Syracufej Sfemfpui beiiig oftoer than :iic in Compjuiy with the. Citizens, throughly iiindferftood how tbey vf,eic inclined 5 at firfl: he was ih? o^ theoiy^^nd fufpe&ed they were fet on hy\hp iting to trapaa him 5 but at length he gave E^. and Crer die to. what tbey faid. They gener^illy screed in their Wiflies and Prayers, th^t Dion would' under- take the Defign, and cofne, tho* without cithjo: Navyb Men, Horfc, or Arms: That he^ would put himfelf aboard a Ship, and lend. the Skitians only^ his P^rfon aqd Name ^W)Si Diotyfius. This In-' formation from SffUfipgus encouraA^d JDf^it, whp^. that he might the JbetteV conceal .hj^.I^iign, em-^ ployei^ his Friends ;pnTately. to, raife what Mea they, could. M?ny\gr^ Stateftflcn a^^ Philofo^* phi^rs were aiKllii^ tp ^him^ r^^notig whom waa^ Cyfrius Endeffuij^ {on whofe Deztii iJr^^otU wric. * his Iiialogue;of; jtih^"$9ui) and fimnidis ,'f.hc ;pa-. caJian% xhey alfo cpgagf d . on his fxdcMsltas the itbeffaliMy (i) who was. skilfurinifojfctclliog E- yents, and his FcUWfStudent in ttejAcadcp^^ Of all that were l>ani{Hed by tiionyj(uSy wlib tbar there was bardly ever any Expedi* OMi without one of them., He was coofidered as a oealTtfy Member, .and an InHrqaiieQCivery fie to coDdo^ and animate the AdvcDturers. There was nothing to be done witboot fuch ^Mi^As. (1) This Circumftance js fomp- tbing exuaordioary, and I do* not '4 ktiowof A UkelnAance in Hiftory. where a Man at the Head only o£ eight hundred Soldiers, and with twoShips» oadertoqk to attack fuch a Force as was That of Dio" nyfius. I cannot but iniert 00 this OccaTion a Reflediion of DhJorus, which ieems .very ufeful for. Princes,, and ail fuch as are pU-* ced at the Head of A^irs. ^^a wouU ever have thought, faith he. (lib. xvi.} l^4( 4 Ferfin Kuh tv$ Digitized by Google ^o The L T fi El oj pleats bat all cF tlrcm experienced Mei^ tirlialiaif fignalhserf themftlvcs in many and great Engj^' mcnts 5 welj-difciplincd and intiircd to fftli-dihipj and for Cbiimgcf and Condud^ tfic reiy* FloVWf of all the ^Soldiery 5 and fiich as by their E3aantplii woald winiate and cncoaragc to Aftion- \\i6 pixnd^ rbus Force^ Didn hoped- to have m^SitfHjr/^ 'Yii thefc Mfeni* when they ffrft kmaerftood t hi Expe- dition was agaihft Dibnyfiis:^ Were troubierf- atf^ dSflicartcii'd, blaming Bim^ that fiurrfed' oil KKt^ mad Man by his Paifion and Defpair, he r^ly threw both Hhnfclf and Thcnt into ccrta!Hi RiifhV Nor were they Icfe angry with their 'Coinmandfcri and Muftcr-maffcrs, that T*cy did not iri the Bq-» ginning let them know the Defign of the'Wvi 8ut when he had in an Oration fet fbrth^ thcf aflf4 * fife and weak Cbndition of Arbiti^GovCTmheht^ and declared that be carried theni rather foi^ Cx>m* manders than Soldiers 5 the Otiicns of'^Sjrifcu^ey and the trft ,of the Skilfms^ / Ijaving been long ready for a Revolt: And '^cti./iUmeftes'yyGr^e^ Urmffnu mj^/bmU gn tU het^ ttP of « 'frmur iflif'hai of bU Qommand fittr hundred Mm of Mr, s hundred, thouftudfott^ ten thmfmd Roffiy A«r<^ cfAmmeaufU M, mid^revjjlimi^fhlfi'^^^ ^ fuch tkSxofupn of Treafwty as was aSmdamiy fufficimu for the Mam- tonance if fuch numerous Forces: Who hftdis ali This had m his Fef fejpou one vf the mefl potem Cities h Greece, whoro he wot MufUir of HOvenh Arfenaitt'smd Citadels that were imfregnaSle, astd was moreover ftrengtheued with the Jhwtgeft Aliiancesf Thefoie Caufe ef Dmtk's emteridleUd Suceefs was m the firjt Fiaee his Ceetrago, imdUainamrmty jmed to the^ood mU and Afsaimef Thefe fet tho 9tike ef whefe lAbntf he was en- gugedi ^ttiJhat which ttcmed m^: to his Service;mas phe Vmeor^ ^thinejs and lEffiminaq of the Ty- rooty a»d the DiJMOionl Hatfedl oudCeatemptefhisSuhjtMsi all fhefojQircust^fateeets cencurrit^gimtk^ fame Jnftant glerioufty frodssced fitch an amazing Event, as may hy Pofterity he thought incredsbte. Wdl Any one preceod after This that FoFCS and Power are tbe adttnantioe Chaint which kcatn an Sttipiret as Dknyjms riie^Bldeff vainly imafitted ? The only true and mdiflblttbleChains of Adamaatf are Jaftice, Munificence and Ha* manky la the Prince, «ad Tha* which never fatk to flow ficom them, Lo?e and ASoGdoa in the Subjcft. Digitized by Google ja I Q R : ,x CMH ITc^lciinn of gmc QuaKty and Reputatidii, wko accotnpamed Mm in the Expedition, had h%- tttsgued them to the fame EfibQ:^ they wer4S quiec «d cbmemed. It wasnow themkiftof Summer, and the Winds called (i) EHfidn then prevailed, the Moon being at the foil, when Z>/oif prepared a magnificent S»- (Tifioe to Apdb^ ind with great Sokmnity march^ edhis Soldiers to the Temple in all their Annft and Accomremints*^ aftor the Sacrifice he ftafted than all in the Pbbtick Cir^ arPlaise. oi Exerell^ cf the Zneymbidna^ ';v9here he bad made Provi(fi«^ for their Ente]taii!iii6nt|>therefieeiiw with Wqn* der the Plaaty ted ftidiner^, of Gbld and SOyet Placed and theTaUts^ fbrhiftied in; an. qxtraoi^ baiymaoner, far exceeding the Fortoocs, of a pri^ vate Man^ they 'coodhided wvth theriifelvea, that one of his Age, and Matter >of> fl(^ muoh TreaMdjj wbold n<^ cngage^^hiinirelf inf ib ha£ard«His an En^ terpri%% witbo^-good Afluranco of Hc^e^ andl certam ahd fuftcient Supplice- fitom^ Mi^ F^endai As they were offering Wine to the Gods, and per- forming their cuftomaryDevotiong)' the Moon wk^ eclipfed, which was no A^ohddr to Dion^ who un- derflood the Revolutions of ]|S<:Iipies, and how. the Moon was over-shadowed by thedireS: Inter* pofition of the Earth bqtweta Her aind the Sun: But becaufe it v/as ncceiT^ry that the $(4diersihQuld! he iatisfied and encouiaged, who were furprizedr and troubled at it, MHtas the Diviner landing u^ in the midft of the AfT^mbly, bid them be of go(xf^ Chear, and expeft all happy Sucqefii^ &r tba; the. (i ) IChtiLt^fim vmt like wbat fw odl thtTiraJimtdif and blew kom cattm Poiots at oerta»o Sca- teiQfthe.Year, AccordiogtaS'irA^ 4ubnf.ivere .fiuBCtimcfttli&NQrtk and fometimes the Eaft Wiodtf tot bmog io hii tbird B99k csSkd | , them JEmmu^ beqlb tkm a^mm iabisftvei^tyrqafik Hiefewkhouri doabc they, areta he taken f«r tkk Eafl> P««w;jMMifM»«becaa£ft ttiejr. cofi?cfed Sm, from the IM.ih Gods Digitized by VjOOQlC |x the L I P\E4>f ,Gdis did foretell fonietbtng that •^was at .^refeiQC glbrious andTcfplendent ihoiibi Kc^dipfed and.-obN jKTured. Now^ • nothing^^ faid ihe^ ; can be tnore refphn^ dent than the Grandeur of Dionyfius, wbkh bonvisvsr mil immediately be extinguijbedupon y4mr ArtivM in Sicily. Thus Mihas in ptibUck dtfcanted upoji tire Accident : (i) But when a Swarm of Bees had iettled on.the^ Poop of X>i Sbip^ he prifately Cold Him and hts Friends, that he feared the Afti* MS they were Itlse to perform^ tho' in thertfelves great and gloriouvyet (i) Wjould they be but t>f :a tttore Contimianke^ aiid afidr a fiidden and furpriss^ ing Blaze wcniid Ui a Moment beL^cltpfed, arid fdl tm^. Decay* I6i^ repoi^ted atfo^ that many ill.Pro^ dtgieshapned to] J^iat^/iffs at th^rtim^. An £agte fnafcbing a Javelin fjt'on^ one of the Guaid, carried it aloft, and fiom cbeoceLet i^vfall jntp the Seai» !Fhe Wat* of Aer.Sea, thaCwaflied tb« iGaftie V^4lte, was far a whole Day fweet 'and potable § as Manr ^bo^ taft^ it'expertei^ed* Piggflwcro farrowed pUfcSt in all their other Parts, but with*;^ (i) Thi* Ik il t CirciftfiftatKe^ foinctbiog fiogukri^ and remark able} a Swarm of 6ce& appearing all bn a (udden was cofilidered as an Inaarpicioas Omm» \Tbi9 3ur perftitJoa did aot.prc^S paly io Greedy but the Remans* \pit^Ni{e were infcfted bj it, as we learn 6rom CicerOt wbo in Ms^Ofation di HMrufficumreJp^Kfis, &icb, $'t €xamm Apum hidh m $cemtn ve- nrffett harufpices acci^dos ex He- tYHtia pHtMremus. * Videmm uni- virfi ripeme examina tmita Servor ntm immiffid m pppt^utifBLom.fap' tunh Mque inclujuteh ^ Mn com- movemurf A f que in atom fort ajfe 0xammi rw $x Hefr$ifi»r$tm firip* fii Haru/picis ut sfervkii eepueri- nuts mfinerera^ &e. Jf^ Swarm pf Bees jfhould come on A fudden^ atii ApHar m the Stap durmg th$ S^ hihitim, (if the SfeHacleswe Jhould think iihioh ime to find fir and confuli Hfiin the Etrurian Divihers^ Jind now thd i»e all behdd with our v»n ^es.fo many Swarms of slave's pouring in upon the Romaa People pent uf ctbfr in the theatric are we hi' the Ug^ concerned at itf Perhaps thffe Sages upon exarnining their Tufcan DireBortes would fro^ tf)at Swarm of Bees advtfe us td guard againfl slavery^ &c. (i) Why do the Bees foretel an Adion or Eirentof great Shew, and of but little Continuance? T«4tbe«' caufe they feed upon Fiowers^» which are a lively Emblem^ of; whatever is moft agrecaUci but' mofttranfitoty? out Digitized by VjOOQIC DION. out Ears. The Diviners declared This to portend a Revolc and Rebellion i for that Subje^ would no longer give Ear to the Commands of their Su- periors. . They expounded the Sweetnels of the Water to fignify to the Syraeufians a Change from bad and woful Times into better and more happy Circumftances. The Eagle being the Bird of J$im fiter^ and the Spear an Emblem of Power ac4 Commands This Prodigy was to denote, thacji^ ^ter^ the chief of the Gods, defigned the De« ftru&ion and DiflTolution of the prefent Govern- ment. Thefe things are related by Tiiofompus in hi* Hiftonr. J)ic»'s^ Soldiers were embarked on board of two TranfportSj which were tended by a Third fome- what lc&^ and two Gallies of thirty O^u^ Be- iides his Soldien Arms, he carried two thoitCmd Shields, a vory great number of Darts and Lances, and abundant Stores of all manner of Proviflons, that there might be no want of any thing in their Voyage > becaufe they refolved to keep out at Sea, and ply in the Main, fearing to come near the Shoar, upon Advice that Pbmfius rode at Anchor in the Bay of JpuUa with a Fleet ready to inter- . cept them. Twelve Da^jrs they failed with a frefli and gentle Gales the thirteenth they made Pacbi" nusy a Fore-land of Sicily : There the chief Pilot ad- vifird them to land prefently i for if they were for- ced again from Shoar, ismd doubled the Cape, they might rui\.the Risk of being toiTed up and down for many days together (i) inExpeftation of a South- erly Wind in (hat Summer Seafon. But Dion fear-. 33 (i) For be tdd OS jnft before that Che Et0fian Winds then pre- vailed, which very Wiqds had kooght rhem to the Cap< and if ODCC they got tt anjr confideraUe Dtftaoee befond it they wm^dnot be Me to make Sicify |Rricbou{ a Semtberly Wind, Which was pQ| ufual in that Seafoo. Vol.. VIII. C ing Digitized by VjOOQIC 34 The I I F B 9f itig a Defceot too nfiir his^aetQie^ gpd dejSrous to laiul at greai^ 4ifta9«c, an4 ftirc^hfr up ia tbo Country^ weajth^red tbQ C^pQ. Tbcy had ooc fait* ed long) bftfofe t^ Wiod ibifced ca t]],« Nore, aod ddrovfi them from but: Jaboiutng bard ac their OaxiSf with auid> Xpliffioilty they kept dear until the Storm ceafed. Theik lighting by chance on a Veflel, they vnderflood they vmoeupoo the.b^in« . ouig 9f the Elats,. called tho great S(ff^: Being now again difltOMrtned by reafon of a fitddenCataa,. HjBd beating to and firo without making any Way, they had a: Southerly Bieexe fcom the Shoar,^ when they leaft expefted the Wind in that Qpaner, and ftarce believ^ the happy Change of their For* tune. The Gate tncoeafing, ^jbA beginning, (o , blow freih, they clapped on all their Sails, and paying to the Gods, put . ^ut- agaia to Sea, fleers ing to rights for Sicily, from th^ Coaii> of jtfrick\ and running fieady before the.Wind, the fifth Day they arrived at Mima^ a little Town of Sitily^ in the Pofleffion of the Cartha^ans^ o£ which, Sy-^, nalusy an Acquaintance and Friend 9f Diony bapp- En*d at that time to be Govemour % who not lowing it to be Dicn and his Fleet, endeavojur* e4 to hinder his Men from landing i but they made their Defcent with their ^ words in thei^^ Hands, without flaying any of their Opponents,, (for Thzt Dion had ftrictly forbidden them, bccaufe ■ . i • / .of Digitized by Google b I d Ni 51 ttf the kindnefi he had for the Govehiqilr) bot forced them to. retreat i and following dole, prel^ fed in a Body with them into the Place, and took it. As foori as the two Cotnmanders met^ they iil^ttally ftluted each other ( and Dion delivered up the Place again to Synalusy without the leaft damage done to any one thereiai Synalui qaar* tered and entertained the Soldiers^ and Supplied Dion with What he wanted. They Were very much encouraged by the lucky Accident of Di$* mflus*% AbfenCd at that dick of time, fot he was lately gone with eighty Sail of Ships into Ifaly: y^berefofe, when Joion perfuaded the Soldiers to refreih Ch(fitifelves there^ after their tedious and troublefomd Voyage, they would not be prevailed with, but €artieft to make the beft ufe of that 0[i- jx>rtunit]f| ttrg€d Dion to lead them ftraight CA id the CapiuL lieaving therefore behind them their Baggage, and* as many of their Arms ai werd then of no ufe, to be conveyed to them by Sjmd^ lus upon Occafion, they marched direftly to Syiri^ Two faondred Horfe of the Jgrigeniim^ whd inhabit dear Etnomus^ came in and joined hiid ill his Match. Tbefe were followed by the Inhabit tanu of the City of Gela i and the News of his Approach foon reaching to Syracufe^ "fiwtocratesi Who bad married Di0ff% Wife, the Sifter of Dio*' njjhtt^ and was left Commander in Chief during his abfeoce^ imifeicdiatdy difpatched a Courier t/M*s Arrival ( while he bimfeU took all poffibltf Care to prevent stny Stirs or Tumults that might afife in the City ^ where all were in great fufpencei but as yet continued quiet, fearing td give tod dmch Credit to what was rtfpdrtedi^, A very ftra0ge AccidenC happened to th£ McfTeilger Who» was ?€« witb tlie Letters i fot being arrived 111 C a IiUy^ Digitized by VjOOQ iC 3* The L I F E §f , Italy ^ as he tniVcUcd through the Country of the Bruttl^ haftening to Di$nyjius at Caulmiay he met one of his Acquaintance, (i) who was carry- ing home fome part of a Sacrifice. The Fellow accepted a piece of the Flefh, which his Frieq4 offered him, and proceeded in his Journey with all (jpeed : But having travelled hard a good part of the Night, and being, through wearinefs, for- ced to take a little Reft, he laid himfelf down in the next convenient Place he came to, which was in a Wood near the Road. A Wolf winding the Fleih, came and feis^ed it as it was faftned to the Mail wherein were the Letters direAedto Dionyjius^ and carried away both That, and the Flefh toge* then The Man awaking, and miffing his Packet^ fought for it up and down a great while, and not finding it, refolved not to go to the King with- out his Letters, but to conceal himfelf, and keep out of the way. Dionyjius therefore came to hear of the War in Sicily from other Hands, and that a good while after. • As Dion proceeded in his March, the Camarifte'- ans joined his Forces, and many of the Territory of Syracufe revolting, ctme in to him y the Leon^ tines ^tid Campaniansj who, with 7'imocrat^s^ guard- ed the Epipok J receiving a fiilfe Alarm, whicn was fpread on purpofe by Dion^ as if he intended firft to. attack their Cities, left Ttmocrates^ and hafted home to take Care of their own Concerns. When this News was brought loDion^ where be lay near Macra^ he raifed his Camp by Night, and came to the River Anapus^ which is diftant fr6m the City about ten Furlongs > there he made a Halt, and fa- crificed by the River, direfting his Devotions to (i) It was a Piece of Religton for a Man to car|f, borne to his Family fome Portion of the Vic- tims, which had been iacriHced, as it was for another ^o receive part of it from him if by Chance he met him with ic n the Way. the Digitized by VjOOQ IC ( D ION. ij the Tiling Sun. The Soothfiiycrs declared, That the Gods promifed him Vi&oryj and They who were prefent, feeing him aflift at the Sacrificey with a Garland on his Head, one and all crowned themfclves with Garlands. There were about five thoufand that joined his Forces in their March s who, tho* but ill provided with fuch Weapons as came next to Hand, yet by their Brisknefi and Courage fupplied the want of better Arms \ and as if Dion were already Conqueror, they ran for- ward with loud Shouts and Acclamations, encou- raging each other by the Hopes of regaining their long-loft Liberty. The moft confiderable Men^ and better fort of the Citizens of Syracufe^ clad all in White, met him at the Gates. The Mobile fee upon all that were of Dionyfius*% Party, and principally fearched for thofc they call Setters or Informers y a Parcel of wicked Atheiftical Wretch- es, who made it their Bufinefs to go up and down the City, thrufting themfelves into all Companies, that they might inform Dionyfius what Men faid^ and bow they ftood afFefted. Thefe Varlets were the firft who fuffered, being drubbed and knocked on the Head by the Rabble as they light upon them* ^ limocrateSy not being able to force his way to the Garrifon who kept the Caftle, taking Hbrfe, fled out of the Citys and by his Flight filled the Places where he came with Fear and Confufion, magnifying all he could Dion's Forces, left he fhould leem upon ^ flight Apprehenfion to have deferted the City. By this time Dion was come up, and appeared i« the fight of the People* He marched nrft in a rich Suit of Armour, having his Brother Megacles on one Hand, and on the other Calippus the Atbeman^ Both of them crowned with Garlands. He was followed by a hundred foreign Soldiers, all of them Men well made, and appoint- C 3 ed Digitized by Google |8 TbthlfBof ed by hitn for his Body Guard \ qat to Thcie marched the reft of the Army in a decent regular Order, under the Command of their refpeftive Of^- iicers. The Syracufians looked on this martial Car valcade as a facred Proceffion, and Reftoration of Liberty, and the Authority of the People after gn Eight and Forty Years Exile, and Deprivar tion. He was no foon^r entered the Meneiide Gatf but he caufed the Trumpets to found, in order to compofe the Tumult, and quiet the People. As icon as Silence was made, a Herald proclaimed^ that Dion and yi^^Q\Q$y who werf cm( to ahlijk fbe Tyram^^ deckr^d tbe Syracufians und all other Sicilians to befreefrt^ Slavery and j^rbitrary Power. And beiiig defirpus to addrefs himfelf in ^ Spcecl^ %o the People he marched up through that Part of the City called 4fkra4ma. All the way as he pa0ed along the People on each iide of the Street^ let out their Cupboardsi and Tables, prepared their Vi^ims, and as he canie before the Poors flung Fruit and Flowcr$ upon him, (i) and offered up Prayers to him as to their tutelary Piety. There was at the Foot of the Caftle, and under the Plac^ called Pentapyla^ {%) a lofty and (lately Sun-dial wYnch Dknyfius had fet upj^ from the Top of That Dion made an Oration to the People, perfuadiog them to maintain and defend their Li- (i) If we compare Dim iaehat jay of univerfal Toy and Trt- umpb, I do not &y with Dwiyi- fius in his Reverie of Fortune^ but With Vmffitu in the full Eojoy- ment of Arbitrary Power, when all Men fubmitted fervilcly to his del^potick Will and Pleafure, even in that State we (baH find chat there if aa lofiolte Diflereiice be>^ twcca a Tyraat^ and a jnft ind gradotts Prince. (a) The Thdnicianji were tie Firft who contrived a Dial in the file of Sym before Hom99^% time. But that p/W fcrved only to dfr- QOte the SoUlicei. Three hoo- dred Years after Htumry Therttydes formed one that defcribed the Hours, after which they became very commoD. berty j Digitized by VjOOQ IC ' DION. ^f berty ) who, wkh great Eirprellioiis of Joy md Acknowl6dgititnt, created Dtin zndMe^acks Litvt* tenaot'^Otneriils, chufing, at their Reqiieft ahd Defifc^ twenty other of thfc moft bonfidertble Citizen* for their Cblleagtre», of which Number Half eonfifted of fuch as had bcert btoiflitti by the Tyrant, and were now rtftordd by Dion, At firft the Soothftyeri \dbked on it as a hnppf Ottieti that Dionj when he tft^e his Oration to the People, had under his Ffetif, ab a fign of Sabjcfti-fi ott, that ttatcly Moriumint M^hich Dionyjkts at his OWh Expcnce had ereftfcd. But becaufe it was a Sutt-dial Ott the whrch he ftdod When he was de- clared General, they fexprcfled Tome Fears, that the gt-eit Aftions he had perfbrmed mighk hi Tub* je^ to decline, and admit a fudden cihangft of fortune. . • After this Dion taking the Caftle of Epipoh^ Tt^ leafed all the Prifonen wh6 lay confined there, and furtbutided it With a ftrong Wall. Scyeti diays after Hitnyfius arrived frOtn RaI;^^ arid ciitered the Citadd frofti the Sea. About the fametim* tiidH rtcelved the Carriages, With the Arms and AffittiUflitioti Which he bad left with Sptilm^ k6d diftHbuted them aitaong the Citizens} the r^ft thiit Wartted famiflied thenlfelves As Well as they couldi and eiprelltd great Courage and Readirtcfi for the Service. J^iOfiyjius fent Agents at firft privately tc* DioHj to try whit TerillS they could make witK him. 6at He declaring, that What Overtures they had to make tiiuft be iti publick, the Sjracujians being now no longer in Subjeftion, but at Libert ty to manage their owrt Affairs 5 They then ad^ drcfled themfelve^ to the Citizeris, With fair Words and fpctious Promifes, afluring them, that they {hould have Abatements 6f their Tributds ind Taxes, atid not be compelled to ferve in the Wars^ tho* undertaken by their own Approbation atel C 4 Confenc. Digitized by Google 46 The L I F E 0f Confimr^ The Syract^fians laughc at thefe Offers^ and Dion returned their Anfwer, 7%a/ Dionyfius ntufi not think to treat mth them upon any other TermSj hut refigning the Government \ wbich^ if be would aSually do^ be would not forget bow nearly be was related to bim^ or he wanting to ajjifi him im whatever was jufi and reafonable. Dionyfius feemed to confent to This, and fenc his Agents again, de- £rins fome of the Syracujians to come into the Citadel, and confult with him for the Good of the Publick, being ready to make fair Propofi- tionsy which he believed they could not but yield to, and He was equally willing to accept fuch as They bad to ofier Him. Some tnerefore were deputed, fuch as Dion approved of) and the general News from the Caftlc was. That Dionyjius would volun* tarily refign his Authority, and that he did it out of Choice rather than Compulfion* But This was only a feigned Device, and crafty Trick to amufe the Syracuftans ^ for he imprifoned the Deputies that were fent to him, and the next Morning by Day-break, having diftributed Wine among his Mercenaries to encourage them, he ordered them to fally out, and attack the Wall that had beem made by Dion. The Alarm being unexpeftec^ and the Adion carried on with a great deal of Courage and Refolution by the Barbarians, they broke through the Works, and with loud Shouts aflailed the Syracuftans fo furioufly, that they all quitted their Poft except Dion\ foreign Troops, who taking the Alarm, haftned to their Relief^ tho' at firft they knew not what to do, nor how to employ the Aid they brought, by reafon of the Noifc and Tumult of the Syracujians^ who in their precipitate Flight prefTed in upon them, and put their Ranks in Diforder. Wherefore Dion perceiving that his Orders could not be heard in- truded them by his Example, and charged into the Digitized by VjOOQ iC DION. 41 the thtckeft of the Enemy; The Fight near hit Perfon was fierce and bloody $ for he being Gg^ nally known, as well by the Enemy as bis own Party, they ran with great Noife and Fury to the Quarter where he fought. Tho' by reafon of hi$ A^o he wa» unfit for fuch a brisk Engagement, yet With great Vigor and Courage he charged all he met, cutting m Pieces feveral of the Enemy that withftood him, 'till he was wounded in the Hand with a Lance) his Armour alfo being very much batterM in this clofe Fight, and fcarce any longer ferviceable, and having many Hurts through his Shield by the Arrows and Darts, wherewith they galled him at a Diftance, at length he fell to the Ground I but was immediately rescued, and carried q£F by his Soldiers, . He left the Command to 7|- moniaes^ and mounting his Horfe, rid about the City, rallied Thpfe that fled, and commanding a Detachment of the forieienSbldicrs out of Acbror dina^. where he had pofted them to guard that Place, he brought them as a frefb Reterve upon the.Euemy, who were tired with the Heat of the AAion, ioA well*^ nigh ready to ^ye over their Defign } for having" Hopes at (heu* firft Salley to have retaken the &ty| when beyond their £x« pc£fcation they found mch brave Kefiftance, they retreated into the Caflle : As foon as they; gave Ground^ x^^tGrtek Soldiers prefiedhard upon them, and purfued them to the very Walls. There were loft in this*Adion of DiinC% Men feventy four, and a veiy great Number 6f the Enemv. This being a fignal Vidory, and principally ootained by the Valour of the foreign Soldiers, the Syracufians re* warded each of them with a hundred Mitue^ and the Soldiers themfelves prefented Dion with a Crown of Gold. Soon after This there came Meflengers fi-om Dmyfius^ bringing Dion Letters from the Ladies his Digitized by VjOOQ IC The LIFE of bis'Relsitiotis; and one Was fuperfcribed, Hippa- fkrtis to bis Father Dion: This was the Name of I}icn*$ Son, tho* Jjf«»^f»jfays, he was from his Mo- ther jirete^^ Name, Callca ufretneuSi but I thlftk Ctedic is rather to be gtvett to Tifnontdes*s Report, who was his Fdlow-Soldier ahd Confident. The reft of the Letters were opened and read in the Prefence of the Syracujians^ containing marty Sol- licitations and humble Requeftsi of the Ladies j . but the People out of Refpcft to Dion not fuffer- Jng That which came from bis Son to be unfraled^ He infilled upon it, fo That Letter* like wife wa$ ©pencid, and read pubHckly. It proved to be from Dionjftus himfelf, addrcfl^a In Words to Dion^ but in Subftance to the Sjracufiam^ being couched iii fnch artful Terms that under a jylatrfible Juttifica- tion of Himfelf» and civil Requelts to Him, fee con- veyed fuch a Meaning as miriiteafily ferve to mate him Tufpeftcd to the People, Jfte remitidei him of the good Service he had. fotraerly done to hi* Government, ahd how rrgofous an Afferter Hft had been of the Prerogative. This vriw accompa- nied with tewible Mettadji^ igahift Tho6f who were' mpft dear tp him, againft nis Sifter, his Son, and his Wife; conjuring him In the moft paffior Bate and movingExpreffiotrs to have regard to their Safeties. But That which touched bion moflr. was, he carneftly entreated him. That he Wdura pot deftroy the Governmerit, but ukc it upon Himfelf, and not put the Power into the Hands 6f ehofe Men who always hated him, and would never forget their old! Piques and Qgarrels, but keep it iq his Own, and thereby fecure from In- juries and Violence Himfelf, his Friends and De- pendants. • When tliis Letter was read, the Mobile did not (as they ought in Tufticc) pay a dde Deference to the immovable ConiHncy atxd Bravery of Dion^ 6 who Digitized by VjOOQIC D ION. i|j vKo mtliflQod all. his moft |mffing Conceroiy to be true to hit Virtue and his Honour $ iMit from hence took Occafion to fisar and fuTpefl: that he lay under invincible. Obligations to \k finroucable to Dionjifiiis % and therefoiv bcjgan already to be Ittnktiog after a new General } and, the rather^ be^ caufe to their great Joy they received the News of HerafliiUs*$ Arrival. This Heradides was one of tbofe whom DUn^fius had banished, a very good Soldier^ and of great Note for the confideraUe Commands he bad formerly under the Kif^ ; yet a Man of no oonftaot Refolutioo^ hot of a fickle Temper, and leaft of all fteady and nnbiafied when he had either a Rival or a Coilegue in any honour- able Command. He had a Difficrenoe formerly with Diom in Pehpomtfiis^ and thereupon refoivra upon his own Fund, with what Ships and Soldi* f rs he bad, to make War upon Dionyfius. When he arrived at Syracufe with ieven Gallies and three Ships, he found Dionyfius already clofe befieged, aiid the Syracttfians high and proud of their Viao*^ rks* Forthwith the^ore be endeavoured by all ways to make himfelf popular) and indeed he bad in him naturally ibmething that was very tnfinu- ating and uking with the People, who loved to be courted and cajoled. He gained his End alio the eafier, and drew the People over to his fide^ becauie they were angry with Dim^ and difliked his Gravity as too majeftical, ftately, and not enough condefcending ; for Succefs had made them headftrong and infolent, fo that they now thought fit to be treated with, and harangued as a fi^e People^ before they had in Reality obtained their Freedom. Getting therefore together in a * riotous Afiembly, they chofe Heraclides their Ad^ miral; but "whisnDisn came and complained, That conferring this Truft upon HkracHdes^ was in Ef<* feSt to caacel whsu they had. formerly granted to Digitized by Google 4« The LI P E of td HiiD) (for he was no longer their tjcnendiffimo^ if another had the Command of the Navy) thef repealed their Order^ and, tho' fore agatnft their ^ills, cancelled his Commiffion. When this Bu« fincfs was over, Dion invited Heraclidts to his Houfe, and gave him a gentle Reprimand, *That he did not well, nor advifedly, to ftand with him upon a Pun&ilio of Honour at a time when the leaft falfe Step mi^ht be the Ruin of their whole Defignj then calling a Common«Council, he made HeracKdes Admiral, and prevailed with the Citizens to allow him fuch a Guard, as they had before granted to Dim. - Heraclides openly pretended much Obfervance for Diofiy and made him great Acknowledgments for this Favour, attending him with all Submiflion, as ready to receive his Commands ^ but underhand he dealt with, and tainted the Mobile and Innova* tors, fo that he involved Dion in perpetual Di- fturbances^ and ci?eated him much Perplexity and Difquict j for if he advifed to give Dionyjius a Pafs-poix to leave the Caflle, he was cenfured, as defigning io deliver and protefk him : If, to avoid giving the People any Trouble or Sufpicion, he continued the Siege, they cried put. He protrafi:- ed the War the longer to keep his Command of General, and over-awe the Citizens.. There was one Sojis^ notorious in the City for a bold and wicked Villain, yqt in Shew a great Stickler for the Liberty and Property of the Subjeft ) eibeci- ally for That which confifts in the uncontrolable Freedom of their Tongues. This Fellow plotting againft Dion^ ftodd up onefDay in an AfTembly, and having fufEciently railed at the Citizens, as a Parcel of Sots and Blockheads, who could not fee how they had made an Exchange of a difTolute and drunken Tyrant, for a fobcr and crafty Matter, publickly declared, he was abfolutely againft Dian and Digitized byGoogk DIOR ftttdi Art>itrary Government ; and fo he took hit LeaVe of the Company. The next Day he was feen running through the Streets (as if he fled from Some that porfued htm) almoft ftark naked, wound« ed in the Head, and bloody all over: In this Pickle getting the Rabble about him, he told them, thaK he was barbaroufly aflaulted by Dion^z Meni and to confirm what he faid, fhewed them the Woundt he had received in his Head. The People in gene» nd took his Part, raging and railing dgainft nicn^ as crod and tyrannical, who took fuch Arbitra* ry Gourfes to flop the Mouths of the Peop4e. Juft as they were m this feditious and tumultuous Ij[urly-bur]7, Dim came to vindicate himfelf, and made it appear. That this Softs was Brother to one of Dionyfiui^% Guard ) and that he was let on by Him to embroil the City in Tumult and Confiifion : Di^ ^^jj^Kj having now no way left for his Security, but to make his Advantage of their Diflentions and Diftraftions. The Cbyrurgions alfo having fearch« ed the Wound, found it was rather razed, than cut with a down-right Blows for the Wounds made with a Weapon are moft commonly deep- eft in the middle, but this was very flight, and alL along of an equal Depth \ that it wa; not one<;on«* tinned Wound, as if cut at once, but feveral Jnci- fions, in all probabilitv, made at feveral times, as he was beft able to endure the Pain. There were fome too who knew him, who. brought a Razor, and fliewed it openly to the Company, declaring. That they met Sofis running in the Street all bloody, who told them. That he had narrowly efcaped with his Life from Diwf% Soldiers, who had forely wounded, aiid were ftill in purfuit of. him. They haftning to take the Purfuers, could meet with no Man, but fpied this Razor lying uil* dcr a hoUqw Scone near the Place from wbiclff they Digitized by Google 4^ The L I F B of kiiejr obfeiycd he came* All tbde Clrcumfiances nade ftroog i^inft Softs. But when, to back all Thi% his own Servants came in and gave Evi^ deuce, That be came out of his own Houfe alone before Break of Day, with a Razor in his Hand, 'DiKnl% 'Accofers fneaked away, and the People, by % general Vote, condemned arous and cruel manner^ EupbiTus relaasy Tbac when he (aw his Ship was taken he flew himfelf. But ^momdes^ who from the beginning df the War was with Din in all the confiderable Aiftions, writing to Spemppus the Philofopher, relates the Stor^, That PhiKftus'% Galley ruling ahground^ he was uken Prifonef alive, and firft dihirmed, then itripped^ and ex- pofed ftark nahed, tbo* aa old Man, to all forts of Scorn and Cdntomelyi afterward they cut olF bis Mtead, and gate the Rabble hi) Body, who dragged it abiig the jfckradiMf and then threw it inco a' . (i) For This gavefheJ^iiNMi^l watcb an Gi]mrtttait]r ^ makjog, tms a Jcaloiifj, that when the to- 1 themfclvies JElaftcrt of the City, rtign Trbo^ kmd tfaef cedd f>e I whilft^be Ctthtti were tAtti'jip^ of 00 hsthxr Scnriec they miflfi I in their natal finmements. Digitized by Googk D ! O N. 47 GcHxusMM^iltoit. $$Pk^Ms carries tbe hk6i^tj ftill farther^ and a to feeHim tied by tbeLeg^ who bad (aid; It wwid ma bee^me Dioayfius i& i^ h^lden to tbe . Swiftnrfs «/ bis Hwft to fiy fr^m bis f^bronet, ha H h dragged from theme by 4he Hteis f tuber tbau ptif . ity ibo' Pbilifius rektes,, chat This wasr fiiid toDib*' nyjius by Another, and not by HimfelC But ^ m^m takes this Occafion, and truly a juft ene^ from his zealous and conftant Adhesctiee to the Ty« r^iwy^ tp vent his own Spleen and. Malioe agsi«A him. They tnde^ who were injuired by him ane th^. moireexeiiftble, if dhey expr<^Ni ebsrir RefeM- tsumt in Indignities eo: bis dead Body;, (i) hue They who. wroce his UUkory after his Deatbt and were.ao way^ wrm:^^ by him in his Li&->timc^ but haive badi ab&Advaitagc of his leamfed Wn*^ tiags^ iaa Hoqouc^^n^ not with opprobrioas and focurnloiis hnoffmglb to upbrsid him for thofe Mis- fortunes^ wUch. many times^ by unhappy Accidoita hs^e beftdien dwn (he beil of Mm. On the otJber fidjc^ Epkerm k ai^mudi out of tbe way in. tha Uviih Enooittiamsr be beAows on:Pbilifius^ for tW he ^ very gaod a£.diJrgttij[iQg,haleand unweyw tby Anions wisK iair and. cokmrabk. Breteoces, and; in his ExpreiEom is; very fiovid.sfid.thiBtDPical^ yet when he has done his bed,. heccaA never ae^p^yr. Ob. Th^Crudu^ escrcifod.iipQil anEncQQy arc fcxcofabk in Thqfe vtto^ bare fuffdred' fhmt his III* Jttako But thic WHta^ w^ coiildlisve any Dealing? witbbun. IhouM aft hit Memory with the, .Wiidqgs mck Gafaaiioici. niy ci6«B ffithoatrsR|t jiift Fovadatiq^ ;rbis..k beneath. cLc Di^icy a£ Hiftory, tt is cqpjlly bcneatn the Dignity ot' Riltety tcr load a Pch- /btii widt> ConnttiNiscioat far tim ffkWt of Bafty. Ar^irbful HiAo^ riaitwillpcei^ivc.a Medium, and> rendfer jtt^ice indlfibrently to idt. him Digitized by VjOOQ IC The L t F E of him of the Imputation he h'es under, of bdng of all Mankind the moft zealous Aflerter of Arbicrary Government} and that na Man ever more induflri- oufly promoted, or fondly admired the Luxury^ Power, Riches and Alliances of fuch as made them- ielves abfolute Princes. But between both thefe l^treams. He that neither praifes Pbiliftus for his Faults, nor infults over his Misfortunes, ieems to me beft to confult his own Credit, and perform the part of an Hiftorian. After Pbiliftus's Death, Dhf^fius fent to Dion^ o£fering to furrender the Caftle, all the Arms, Pro- vifions, and Garrifon-Soldiers, with full Pay for them for five Months, demanding. That he might have a Pa(s-port to go unmolefted into Italy^ and there to continue and alfo enjoy the Seigniory of Gyatay a large and fruitful Territory in the Pre- cinft of Syracufe^ reaching from the Sea*fide to the middle of the Country. Dion rejeded thefe Propofals, and referred him wholly to the Syr^icu-^ fiam to treat with Them. And They hoping in afliort time to take Dionyfius alive, difmifled his Ambafladors without Audience; which he under- ftanding, left his eldeft Son ApoUocrates to defend the CafUe \ and putting aboard Thofe he loved beft of his Friends, and the richeft of his Goods andTreafure, took the Opportunity of a fair Wind, and made his Elcape without being difcovered by Heraclides the Admiral. The Citizens loudly exclaimed againft Heraclides for His Negleft, and were ready to mutiny agaiiaft him % but He, in order to divert and appeafe them, fet up one HippoHj a great Man with the Populacy, . and a not^le Haranguer, to propofe to them an equal Divifion of the Lands and Revenues of the Country, alledging, That the Beginning of Li- berty was Equality, and chat Poverty and Slavery were infeparable Companions. Heraclides fided with Digitized by Googk D 1 O K 41 Withbira in tbis levelling Project, and en0ouniged the Faftion againft Dim, who rigoroufly oppofed k I in fiiie he perfuaded the People to racifie This bj cheir Vote, and pais j[c jnjto a Law $ and Either to decrees That the foreign Soldiers Pay ihould ^ ftpppedy That they would proceed to the E- ledion of new Commanders^ take away Dim'M Commiflion, /and no longer be fubjeA to his. fevero and imperious Difciplinp. The People eagerly de^ firous ta (hake off alt at once their Yoke of Sla^ yery, which, as a Difeafe^ had long hung upon them, |>egan to do things at raqdop, and like wil« fill and lawle^ Mei^ inconfiderately deftroyed yrh^ they endearoured to fee up^ hatii^ Dhft^ who, (i) like :a good Pbyfician, endeavoured to keep the City, by a fparing and regular Diet, in a due and lafting Temperament of Health. ' The Aflembly therefore being fummoned lor the Elc^ion of new Officers, in the md^ pf Sum*f mer, there happened all pn a iiidden UQuriial and terrible Thundeiis, with other dreadful Prodigies which remained for fifceeo Days tbgethen Thefo prpdigies terrified dthe People, who werefcized with a religious Fear which hindered thein from chufinc tbofe OiEcers. But fome few days after whea the Weather grew more temperate, the Oratom were for niaking the beft of that Calm, and pro- ceeding to an Elel^ion : but they had fc^rce begs^ii when a draught*Qx, tho' qfed to the .Croiid and ^loife of the Streets, without any Provocation grew unruly to his Driver, aqd breaking his Yoke, lan furjoufly into tjhe Theater where (hey wera (i) P/ntfjfct oomparei.the Sjf- fMemfiaus, who were for ezercifing i fiiU nncontrolable Liberty be- fore thqr were abfokrdy free, to people juft efcaped out of a ^n-' gerotu Sickaefs, who bcforfi the/ .Voi-. VIIL P aiTcmWcdl, sr^ entirely recovered ace for living like Thofe, who are in per- fca Health. And nothing can bdt more feoftt tbati tlutt CcABfa^ rifoo. Digitized by Google f^ The L 2 f £ »/ a&eiiibtbd, Ati^inm etic ^B i^|4e hiSott hirt JB ^reftc Difotdor iM CottfbfiM : FVdtt thmcfc ttad" 3kig^ Add eeftiw«ig .de%ft M th« Hiodd ift hit mays «^ »itittMie^ «Ar« thut fUtt «yf thtt ^ty *i iMm, pv«ttiiftij(|^ tf they woaid deftltliitt», and lift t1ieiAM«ie$ ih tiieir Sfcr?k:e^ tottak« tluAmCitiSidns of SjfhtHfe, and inreft thfcm with «U tht Prhitogtt md bttfiaoiciet of the l(latl7ef. but l^c]^ to (heW their i^dt- Key tad Cbttyage,'Wich their ®wordB in«hei» iMatids, ^dffig i>/M ^ his Secnttty in the a^ft ttf «bei» Ba'ttalfoD) inardied out of the City) ftoto&opaw Violence to ain^ one, but tipetAj vpbfm^mm ^hey tutt with'thek* Bafenefs and fngratkudev The Citizen) who flfghced thctti, bet^nfe they were ^t few in Namber) r tailddy (biT- fer Hiaafelf and bis !&ithfiil SoMieM to be dut ht pieces. He therefore iifed many EntroKies to the SyracuJianSi Ilretcbing biit^bis Hanfls toWAds^^he Oiftle^ wherein was a ftrong Garrifbn, WAd^ihewing fheAi the Enetny, who in great Nunwen uppeareS dn the Walls to be Spe^tors of this hSAdn. Bfit fto Perfuafions cduld ftop the impetuttus TorrcM of the Multitude, who like Waves in a Storm Were blown up by thefeditioiis Breath of their bufie Incendiaries. He commanded his Men there-, fore not to charge them, but to advance with Shouts and clashing of their Arms) whidi when the Syracujians faw, not a Man of them durft ftand • their Digitized by Google DIOR ^^i tMt 6routi(|| hut fie4 inceflancly jVoffgli tl^ 3arceci9 tho'.flpfliing but th«r OFP Fear? pprW tbem, for Diw m^^hfcly ^o^maadec) hif Me« ^ 6€e tboujti ;»Qd lc;d thm into the Terr^jcpfiqi pjf tbe lAmims. The ycry i^Vpin^ep fciugh^ « tl^ UC|y CapJtjiim (or icbis cow^41y Retreat j who tp ^dccptj theur iCrcdii^ orderpfl; t^e jCitisi^e^ );p ftand f^p |tt),ei)r Arpm, foUoi^daftcr /)%, anc} came up jjrith |)'ii» as he was paffiqg a fUv/cr. Some offhe ligbt Hlpric (bqgaii to $|ufvxu3h J but whco they fyjp pfp9f pp UfOfc tame ^ c^, iip figm ip bif F^c^e pf his Fatherly Tpi^ctndk ^awards h;s jCpu;;try-^i,ei)^bqi;: VJ^h a ftefQ Lpok^ and ffi^ Xff F^iy, ^ rjCjCoJved i^ to /(uiaSer their ^n4ignitic? ^ny Ipngcn prd^rMK ^i3 Bauah^ and rqt^ ,i;o giye t^e Pq|lc;(^ ,tW frefently tiiraed f^eir B^c^s ^re ^p^jr^dly fu^ b^dy t6aa hpfpije^ aod ^^c;<^ tp the ,C^y, VWh |]^ j^ of Coqie lew of their Men» The Letmtims r^eiyed pwf y<^y hpnovr^bjj^t Rewarded his Adctp^ a^ad m^i^ phcm free of f b«j^ City i ffi^4/mg Envoys jto ^Jhe Syr^^ns^ tp rft* {}uire , t;hc;qi jtp do the So^diec; Jpi^ce, (iqd giv^ tbem thqir Pay^ who in rocyrn, fp^t back OXQ /Agents fp^qi^ Dm- )3ut when in a full At- jctmbly of ^ Lifififiifif the .Matter m^ he^rd f p^ iid>^, th? fyr^Bans appejV'ed plainly. t;p .be ,19 Fairki but^hcy fcitufed to ftand to the Award 0^ ih^ir'Qonfedera^Qlsbviiffing and dif^aininstp hea^rkco j;o^^y (Ijiingbiu: wivu; their c^jolii^ Juead^s an^ popular Sycophants advifed thetn. About diis time Dimfjim fent a Fleet under .the ,C!oQiiqan^rOf iVy^i^; the NiopoUtan^ with Provifir lOfis and Pay for t4i.e Ggrrifop. Xhc SyracuRans fought him, had the better, and tpok fpi;ir pt hi^ :Shu>s 5 but they made very iH ufe of their Sue-* ce^3 aodffor w?nt pf cood pifpipline, to expr^ cbcir Joy, fell to Drinking, and Fes^flipg in ah ex- D h travagant Digitized by VjOOQ IC A- Vt TbeL IF t of travigaot manner, with fo little Regard to their ittiaiil Concern, that when they thought themfelves ' iiirc of taking the Caftle, they were very near lofing their City. Nypftus feeing all the Citizens in this.Diforder, fpendipg Day and flight in their drunken Revels and Debauches, and their Com- manders well pleafed with the Frolick, or at leaft not daring to contradift the riotous Crew, who were Pot-valiant, and not to be controled % taking Advantage of this Opportunity, made a Defeent^ and ftormed their Works, which having gained and ruined, he attacked the City, leaving the Ra- vage of it to the Will and Mercy of his Soldier?.* ihe Syracujians quickly faw their Folly and Misfortune, but could not in the Diftraftion they were in, fo foon redrels it. The Soldiers ma'e miferable Havock in the City, putting the Men 'to the Sword, demolifhing the For* tifications, dragging the} Wonplen and Children with lamentable Shrieks and Cries Prifoners into the Caftlc. The Commanders giving all for loft^ were nbt able to put the Citizens in any tolerable 'pofture of Defence, who were confufedly mixed with the Enemy. While they were in this Con* dicion, and the jlcbradina in danger to be taken^ (i ) the only Man in whom all their Hopes were pla- ced,and who alone they all knew to be their laftRe^ fon, was />/(?», but not a Man of them had the Cou- rage to name him, fo much were they afhanHed of the Ingratitude with which they had rewarded ' (i) This ViSb^t has b which is diretitij ooorrary both to PliaMrch\ Words, and Meaning j o his WordStioafmucb as io the Text it if ciV if i^ivw upm Wh^m aloQCi 9Ki6 not et^ ivi js ir he meant the Achradimi and ro his Meaning, becauie if the Aehradin^ was of that Stren(^th ano Confequeace th. SicUtMtit could not be in that otp)ci;abk Condition* nor were they under iuch a prcfling Want for D^on. hia Digitized by VjOOQIC D I O R Si bis Senricesy. and of their fblly in driving him out of the City. They were at laft forced upon it by Neceffity^ and ibme of the Auxiliary Troops cryed out. Send far Dion ap$d bis Vcloponnc&was from the £»eontines9 mr^w are utterly undone. No fooner had they the Confidence to mention his Name^ and it was heard among the People, but they gave a Shout for Joy, and with Tears in thdr Eyes wifhed him. there, that they might once again fee that Hero at the Head of them, whofe. Courage and Bravery in the worft. of Dangers they could never forget) remembring not only with what undaunted Gallantry he always behaved htmfelf^ but alfo what Courage and Confidence he inrptred them with when he led them againft the Enemv, T^Wcy immediately therefore difpatched drcboniaes . and l^ekfides 6£ the Auxiliaries, and Hellanicus^^xxh five more of the Horfe ^ who pofting with all the Speed they could make, reached the City of the Leontines m the dofe of the Evening. (i)Thc;firft thing they did, was to leap from their Borres,and fall at Dion^s Feet^ with Tears relating the fad Condition the Syraeujians were in. Many of the Leontines and Peioponnejians began to throng about them, gueifing by their Speed, and the manner of their Addrefs, that there was fomething exiraorr. dinary in the Bufinefs. Dion prefently called an Aflembly, and the Peo*^ pie beiog gathered together in a very little time. Arcbonides and Hellanicus came in among, them, and in ihort declared the Mifery and Diftrefs of the Syraeujians % begging the Foreign Soldiers to for« (i) How glorious was this Cir- camfttnce to Dim. How firongly. doth This refeinble the AmhaiTy lent by Agamemnon and the other Princes to AchiUes% to endeavour to appeale him, sod perfuade him Greeks, who were reduced to the lad Extremity. Truth k brought in here to juftify from HiAorf one of the mof^ moving Touches cxpreffed by Homer in FiAiod^ Nay Hi^ory goes fAW farther, as to ihaften 19' the^Siccour of the J we (haH foon fee by what follows D $ gc«- Digitized by VjOOQiC U tbt LJ FE of get lbs Ifijorios tbe^ had rteetred^ and affid tht Siftfeflbd^ who bad hiffered more for the Wrong Ihejr had done^ than They Themfelves who re* etived it wottld rhad it been in theit PbWer) have lnfliiStd tipoQ them. When they bi^l made an endj^ chere ^as % profdund Silence in the Theater i Dkif then ftbdd np, Mji begah to fpeafc, but a flood of TMh ftbpt his Words: His Soldiers were fenfiblf fcfbubled It his Grief^ praying him to moderate hv P^^on, and proceed: When he bad therefote tk^ |:0V«red. Hinrielf a little, Qemhmm (ftys he) un4 Felhm^SoldietSi Petopomiefiansi nnd CdnffthraUsi / l^fe aatledpu betrt ttgBtber to vm/vU upon yowr ovm yffaifs^ (t) /#r it mfl itl hecme me to bejkstfy tt (^nfiitf v3obdt U fiffor Me to do if Syrtcii^ kolofi% ^icb ihH' I tdnm jfivefrm DeftruB^f^ imHiHe^ Uftifiirfs ira^ ^i^hen^ Mnd h hmriodin the Ruini of mytouHtry s tut if ym can fini in your Hmrts Hb mfi l»i9, tbt hiPji im^JSderate ititd fuiifortunafe of Moii^ m tIM JExifincyi yon Ptay io your eiornot Hmmr^a^o^ ip^ri^oo this unhnffy City. But if th B^pk^^to knilnilgnation .you taife fkfify caneHved itgMf^ tbi 8yfacu(i«ns <«;/7/ M» iofMt Ji^ yo% to fky andre-^ Ikw thm^ ihsy tife iSods reward yiif for wbatyok hivt alroMdy dUfkj^ fhwi und for yonr conftant t^^ Mty Mttd mnAufsti Dion ^ ^o^ylm mfifirif^kmkr^ as be did not dejert Xon wben yon isHre' Snjnred anif n^Jid iy bis FeUMf-'Citlzim^ fb be cannot mwf^fako oikd 4buHdon bis fethw^iftitimis in tbeir j^Siois^ ^ndMi^tnnes^ (0 5acb0i^t^hetfieW<$i6j of an boneft good MSfa. His vOrn pcrlbiial Injuriet and ^e* febcmcfltf are one of the Cafe mt foment his Cooiiti^ comet xp hf in DtDger» tlicre is no Rooin .left io much as to dcItberate.Tho' ^is Advcftture of Jbm'i may pc ikid tsvij to icft^bls Thi; oi Jft^dh, the GhsraAm muft bs MyM tb Ife ycr^ difliarait. 6^ H^mp^M Defigp wai to reprefcnt a f^crfoo ^a^> paflloQatf, $nd inororaWe, and Hjftory hit fiir- ni(h«d FlutMTci with one educated in the Bdfom of Philolophy, and he ikctchctti hfm out to os tn th^ Cokxtft of fakHsDO Virtoe. Digitized by Google 0 1 Q H • Mirf lltM Vf^ fode4 bit Sipeeob, ^^ ^oU &im m%»9n»i ^^km t»&ifif4 tbair rcftdw^a for «b« $iFvi«Qet oyipg Qif^ ^ »<«^i& imtf^kfely to ikt JUUefifjtiutQ^X' ThQ^ywuj^Caunatb»ggi4 $i4mfi»i^^k9Wi pnyiif^ the Gtxk to ihoWer «fi|S«i#. W^ tl«p |^q((c w«« ffmtf veU oyer* JQmgwe QMm tlMiic «U {|^i}14 go CO cbdr Qt^vteiit fio f»9f»m ^r (Aoir Mi^cht »9(1 l^tring TefrciU- «d tikfinielvfib o» ^jf hmm tmtk $bf Foreign ^dierr, mt to air mtkimt 04vifing *kem mf to peiJ^ as hftripr (0 pWK mfoint fT J^fiO0r ami Cfi^rage} hf to /ai» /Mr Qfjf th'i^flvifh ^"^d defeifd their liberties an4 ^rotmkf Witk *htff 9W>* Svards, (j) Tbe Popi*. hcf tbrr«(ipM||iwi4b«ir X/^ad^ im tfRyt MereoF am to pfpif ^ ^id bii9 tp advapce^ buc tb^ ^0^1% ^ tJM Hptrff fcgt Otbqrs to bi{n, to do. ,^c bim fo hi^ bil Mveb, For thif reafpn he Au:kod bi^ ¥m^ 4pd capie fori^irard but QowIjf. When Night came on the Faftion that was againft ^iofiictaGwnlvpon theQ«te» of tbe City, to iiiqder fainy from oomiog in. (i)Haw^MWffilf iidKS<;eoe|«i(l&rprt^? AD^jftHHiis f^Mfed! On PMtrf ^mu(b ui Uot.all, Digitized by LjOOQ IC tl jj The LI F E of uytn that very inftant Nypjius m^ic Mother Sahy but of the Caftk With a for ^f^ter Number pf Men than bpforc, who tjuitc ruined a« much d£ the Ritapart as wsi^ left ftahding, and fell in pell- tnelj to lack and ravage th'p" City; The Slaughter iptfas rtoW very great, not only of the Men^ but of the Women alio and 'Children 5 for they regarded tiot fo much the Piunder, as to deftWy and kill all they liiet/ For JUio^pf/^ defpairihg to re-gain the Kirigdbm, and mortally hating the S^racufians^ re* iblved to bury his loft Einpird in' the utter Ruin incf Defolation 'of/'Symc$i/e. The Enemy therci- fore, to prevent Dton'i Si^ccouri, rcfblvtid upon the ihbft terrible and ready way of Delftriidion, tb lavthcGity in Afliesj firing all* at hand with Torches and other Combuftibles^j and fet diftahcb with flaming Arrows, and other Pire-works^ ftot from their Bows and^ Eri^ihes; The Citizen* in great Diftraftion fled every- way before them, The^ 'who to avoid the Fire forfook their Houfes, werp taken in the Streets, and put to the S^ord r They who betook themfclvcs for Refiige^into the H6i*- fes, were forced out again by the FlaiHte*.- Maojr wcrebui'nt, and many killed by the Fall ^f Hot^ fes and Ruins of Walls and Towert. This freftt Misfortune by general Conrent opened the Gates for DionAt happened that he madenoesttraordtnary jHafte when he received Advice that the Enemies were retreated into the Caflile > but early in thfc Morning fome Horfe brought 4iim the News o£ gnother AlTault i and foon after fome of if hbfe who before oppofe^ his coming, Sicd now to him, to (f) Here if -another Tom: Whit Prcptrsticmi arc here for joMt Kntry Jnto Syraeufe in the very critical Mloute! Is it in the Power of Fiaion to form a greai^ Variety of Surpiizei. and qufcker TtiiMUf The Moment the Gat<» are ifiiiC agamft Dutf, that very Moment they ftand nioft in need of bis Aififhnce, and are apon the Point of reviving hi^ ;ts (bme IXyiairy. - ' Digitized by Googk D I ON. J7 entreat him to hafteti to tfadr Relief The'Ftm and Defolacion increafing, (f) Hersclpks fibt bs Broefaefy and afcet Hitn htsf Utide tfUodotes^ to beg bim to help than, for that 'liow-tliey were HOC able to make Mf longer' Oppdfitiofiri that He* Himfelf was wounded, and the gfeafeft part of the Cky^waseither in Aihes, or in Flames.: .<: DioH met this fad News, at about fikty P)irloiigi diflaEUt from the City. When he 'Ikd acquainted the Soldiers with the etigency,and exhorted theia toibehaiife themi^lm Ube Men ^t (he Armf no longer marched, but ran forwards, , and by the way were met by feveval who begged them to quicken tbek Pace. By 'the wonderlil Eagerndft of the Soldiers, atid. their extraordinary Speedy Z>/V9 quickly came, to the City, and entered at the G%vt I&catompedofu fending his Vanguard imme» ^iat^ly to: charge the^£nemy > that upon the fight of Them^ the ^#^iii»j might take Courage. In fthe mean time he drew up in good Order his main Body, and as many of the Citi:tens as came in and joined him^ forming his Battalions: long, andfet* ting over them double Officen, that he might, as occafion refquired, make Detachments, and amufe andterrffie the Iplnemy, by attacking them in fe-, veral Quarters at one. As he appeared in the Streets^' advancing at the Head of his Men to engage the Enemy, a confufed Noife of Shouts, Congratula* tiohs, yo^tf and Prayers were raifed by the Syra^ cufiansy who now called Dhn their Deliverer, their Tutelar-^Deity, and faU Soldiers their Friends^ (i) We fee his veiy Eoetnies faiding to bim One Mfiflcager opoa the Heels of Another; It naft be cooftflcd that if the Sob- jeft be in its own Natare beami- 'fill and innportanti fhannh has Jksd the Addreli iq let it lo|e nothing in the Narration, hdt knew how to make a right uie of every Incident Fortooe bed provided forhim^ to render t^ Whole more marvetbrns and rur- prizing* Brethren, Digitized by Vj'OOQ IC f% Thf t I F E of BMtbfietit ^W^om^nittm. la this ttme «f gmsfil Dodger and Coofofioiii there wts not Ow Mtioffg tlK»9 Wto wts not moie (btkusoiis ior D^9 filfety thn ht$ Owo, or Tbat of all his FbUow<»C]it0em fut togoher. So darii^ly dkl he «Mrcfa bcfbife them to «ieet the Danger^ thfonrii Blood and. Tmt% .apl ovqr heaps t>f dead < Bodiea tiMt laf in his w^. i Add iodeed the Poftore of the Eaemy waain anp^^'^Me verj.terrHilei for they weie antoiaiaM bjr Rage and Dcifadr, and had pofted themfelvfia 9ttj advantagp6udy atons the demoliflMd Worfc% WMeh asadetbe Appraada to them vmy haacardoos m4 diffiduh : Yet That which difeoinieed Dkaf% fAen moft waa the apprehenfion iliey were in of the ^ire^ which siade their JMbrch vesy croohlop Ibpe and dtficolc ^ for die Houfes bekif Ja Flanios 0ti all fides^ they were fiirrouaded wiiii ttem, airi cieadiag lapoo bwrmng lliiiasy levery Mtnute 'm 4nger of beitlg oirerwbefaned with d^g H0ules» throng CicMids 0f Alhes Md Siimak thtf UlKmred bard to Joeep their Qider^ and maiauia their Ran^l. WbeQ they psiae fiear to the Eaemy» by tvtfm i»f rthe Ailvaatafte of ffaeir Bofty and the bacoovor nience of a Defife daey fp^xc to paft, few of theai only CQidd engi^ at a tftaft | but at kngth S^th Jag with gaeac Biavei^^ and the 8jrmt$sns witb ^hoatseacdmagtng their ffarty^.iH^i^i^'s Men weflp beaten off and roaced : Moft ojf then) efpoped into theOiAlr, which was aear at haodi aa ipaoy of fbcm fli couUlinat g|et io^ were varfiiedt andpidked up here and there by the Soldiers, and put to the .gword. . Theprefeoc Exigeooe did aot fufifer theCttiuqi to retp the Benefit of tfacir Qonqoeft in fiich rau- wal Cfopgratulations and Expreffions of Joy as be-f come the Vidorious i &x now all were Suuly eiQ^ ployed to f^ve what E|oi|fts wfrf IfS^ ftaading, ^ labouripjl Digitized by VjOOQIC I> 1 O M. U>tai^g htrd all Night, Mid eoukl feiree ftiafttr the FiK. The next Oiy not one of thd Popular liam^jiien dwrft Slaf in the Cim but lU of ttenk katf#ibg their 0wlt Guilc« by their Flight coo^ fid it^ add feciqfcd their I^ivci. Only ibrsOdts •jid Sieodtut vokmtarily (brrendrpd chemfelvca toi fikm, acknowledging tlM tlHf M wmffdbim, OMi iigtiHghe HtMfitf a l^i»i& fo tkm thtOttbef btd k^jSft tt IBm I «MrW, biw pmh it tanM itjw Us HmouTi tiifb wot Auftpr if fi aM»f ticeelkm At" nm^ifimtmti /» tmifratt kit mtiired Men, but to leave them to tfa* Mercy of his Soldien, and utterly toot out ^ the Goiitnon#Bal^ the imibitioos Alfefiaation of Por pelaev) (i) a Difeife tn pabR «ld Bhfl^idn} tfaim ^hich AM afciM no grdaftt Peft toa m tbc 1>B^t «f f Af^ wbo todictb «8 thtt «re are to bore no oae, Ii6t c^ta Thofe who faive tfijoftd HI* We ifnay fiikl in his Qwgm$ md Cm^ mtajr eiceikut IftaziM Opoa thai To- pick* Digitized by VjOOQIC The LIP E of lbtt$ bt'vaJt^dnof Mmfey^ fo macb uponescc^JUng He-^ Tadides in Jbiiity and ConduS^ as h^ did in mf -doing firm in JuJUce and Clemency % (i) wberein to have the Mvamage it to txcell indeed, ^e H(momr of Fiaoty > in War is never entire'^ for Fortuno^'miU be Jure ta 'claim Her Jbure^ ibo* no Man pretend to rival tba Conqueror. 'Jf^bat if Heraclidts be perfidious^ maU^ ^ousj andbdfe^ muftDionibereforefiiUyhis Honour^ pr injure bis P^irtue if a ^paffio^ate Jiefintnient} For the! tbe Lav>s:ditermine itjufierta remenge^ t ban do an Injury I yet it is evidenty.(z) tbatBotb originaiPy proceed from^ tbe fame Deficiency and fFeaknefs of ffu^ mm Nature: Tie malicious Humour of Men^ tbof perver/e and refrdSofy^ is not/b'/avage andinvinci^ idty :(;) hut it may be wrougbi upon by Kindnefs^ and habitually aliased by repeat^ Otlijgations. Dionm^ king ofe af 'tiiefe Arguments, pardoned Heraclides :!lnd dtfioiflred him. And now nefolving to repair the Blockade about the. Caftle^ he comtpanded all the Syracufians tq cue Palifado^s^ and bring them to the Works ji andt . -(i) It were to be wiflied that $11 proud, paiTxonate Perfons, fuch as value tbcmfelves upon return- ing with Infereft the Injuries they feodyci would iiftm to this Do- &ine, and learn from hence that the only true and fubflancial Ex- ceHence coofiils tn Goodnclk; Ju- ilice» and Hamamty. This is a Truth which was well und^erliood by that great Prince Marcus An- $amtms: who kith that real Force #r P9mtr cotififls in Goodnefs» (2). This Declfion ifras true as it is profound. It is as ftrong a fign of weaknefs to revenge as ir is to commit an Injury. The Ijoiuflice IS equal in them Both. Thus Plate makrs it appear that the eftabliihing this Maxim in lifCf *^ that it, ia allowable ia a *', Man to revenge bimfelf, and ••return Evil for Evil," is the way to make Juftice the Off fprin^ of Injudiccf ztd to open an inex-^ haoftible Spring of Injury and Iniquity} it it giving a loofe to thole Blood-houDds» Revenge and Violence, (3) This is a fine Senrimenr, but Die» made an unhappy Ap-^ plication of this Maxim in his kind Ufage and Humanity to , Hena* clidest whole Malice and Per* verfcaefs of Spirit were too ftrong and inveterate to be reformed and meliorated^ ib that he foon re-, turned to fats old Pra^lJpes. Biic Dien did iltli worfein caufinghira at lad to be flain after his repeated Provocate iS, ^d Rclapfe intq Seduioo, aold Re?ok. theo Digitized by Googk ^ 15 I Q N. dieh difmiffing tttm co rcfrefli thenafelres,. aod > take their Relt| he employed hi& own Meo all Kight, and by Morning had finifhed his Line of Circttmvalkcion^ and fortified his Trenches. < Botk cbe Enemy and the Citizens next Day wondered to fee the Works fo far advanced in fo ihort a time. ' . As foon as thefe Works were finifhed he buried the Dead, redeemed the Prifoncrs w|io were near two thoufand in Number, and .called a Publick Aflembly. There Heraclides made a Mptiozi, Thac Dion fhould be declared General at Land and Sea^ The Nobility approved well of it, anil defired the GonuDOflalcy to stflent. But the Sailors and Handvcraftunen would not confent that Heraclides ihould be deprived of his Command of the j^avy f and tho* they knew him to be otherwife an ill A&n, yet they believed he would be more com* pliant with the Populacy than Dion^ and readied jto ferve their Ends. Dion therefore fubmicted ;o them in This, and confented that Heraclides fhould continue! Admiral. But when they began to preis the levelling Proje&, of an e<]ual Diftribiftion of Lands and Eftates, he not only oppofed it, but repealed all the Votes they had formerly made up- on that Account, which mod fenfibly vexed thcm^ Heraclides took his Advantage of This, and being at Mejfana^ he haranggcd toe iSoldiers and Ship$ Crews that (ailed with him, accufing Dion^ Thac be had a Defign to.make himfclf abfoluce : And at the fame time he held a private Correfpondence with Dionyfius by means of his Confident Pbarax^ a Spartan. Which when the Nobility of Syracufe had Intimation of, there arofe a Sedition in u^ Army, and the City, was reduced to that Extrer mity, that they were almofl (amifhed for wane of Provifion- i>/>« now knew not what Courfe t^ €ake, being blamed by all his Friends, for that be » • - ' ■' " " Kai Digitized by Google ^£ th§ L t P M Iff )saA ettccmr^cd aguoil Himfclf &ch a iko\M&i fomcu m^icious, and peiverfe Man u ^sclides. Pharasc at this time hy encamped ac Neop^is. Dion therefore drew out the Syi^McufianSj but vkh an intent not to engage him, 'dll he faw a fie Op# poftonity. But Heradida and his Sea^tnen ea^ claimed againft hiniy faying, l%at ht d^Upd BAu im mfUrfofi^ that be mgbt ibe Uf^er ceminuiJhis Cmmandi lo that, tho* mudiaj^init his Will, h« was forced to an Engag^aeMot, and was beaten^ His t«ols indeed was inconfid^nbte, and his Defeat was owing more to the MifttAderftandiii^ in fais own Army than the Courage of ffae Eoemyi to that he reiolyed upon a (econd EngageaMnr^ and rallying his Meq, and ^mcouraglng clem to tcm deem their Crpdk, fie drew them up iccordiafl^* But in the Evenmg he received Advice, that Mr« racUdes Tftith his fleet were under Sajl for Sf/rw^^ with a Refojution co poflefehinift^f of the City, and (hut Him out. Upon this intelligence, he made a Draught of the 9ipft Forward and Determined jn the Cavalry, and marched all N^bt wioh fuch Diligence, that he got thither h^ Si ij^e the next Morning after a March of (even hundred Fuilongs. HeraciiOeSy tho' be ftrow to make all obe Sail p9 coul^i yet coming too late, tacked about and Aood cmt again to Sea. Whilft he was unrefolved 'What Couift to fteer, he accidenuMy met Gf^s the SpartMy who told him i^hat he was (ent from Sparta to command m Chief in Si^^j^us GyUppus bad dope heretofo.re. ypon this Dedaration H$ra^ tildes readily joined with 'him, and bragged to bid Sailers, That Now he bad a Couwter-Mance 4$ w^b dawn pionV Amhitian. Hereupon he fent a Herald Jto Syracufexo fummon them to accept a Spartan /m granted, ana He failed with then to tXftiyJius. There was fcarce % Man in the Cky but went to bdheild the joyful Sig^t, iratling upon Thofe who were abfent to come and feetbat happy Day, and be Witneflcs how glorioufly the Sun now fhraed upon the Syracujians^ Vi^iq wereenfrandhffed and ddryercdlrom all their Skvery aflrid Oppreffion. This FKght of Diimyfiut^hcmg wtdf thegreateft andwoft remarkable &camples of Portune*^ In« eonftancy, tboi; any Hiftory mentions, how*e«ra- onlinary may we tmagiiie their Jo? tebe ? How entiir their Sati^faftion, after they had totaUy fife- ▼crtcd flic moft ootent T-yranny that ever was,tn4^^ That by means *> flight and mconfideraMe ?. When Jtponierafts was under SaiU -and t>iM gr^iy>;^;ij. For tho* all things now fucceeded to his Wiih,. yet he refolved not to enjoy any prefent Advan-^ cage of his good Fortune before he had gratified bis Friends, rewarded his Allies, and beftowed upr on his Fellow-Citizens and Foreign Soldiers fome fpecial Mark of Favour and Honour 5 his Genero- fity herein exceeding his Ability, being content himlelf with a very frugal and moderate Compe- tency } for which he was much admired. Thac when, not only Sicily and CartbagOj but all Greece looked upon him a^ extreamly happy, and no Maa living greater than He, no General more renowed for Vdour and Succels: Yet in his Garb, his At« tendance, and Table, he feemed as if he rather commoned with Plato in the Academy, than lived among his Soldiers and Officers, who love to. be jolly, enjoy themfelves plentifully every Day, and ^hear their Hearts after the Toils of War, and Dangers they have paft. Plato indeed writ to him« & Digitized by VjOOQIC DID. N. ^ $6at the Jtyesff att Men iwte -now upon J^Smy km 'tis evident that (i) He Himfelf had fixed HU £.ye upon dne parricukr Placed the Academ}!) and CionOdereci, That the Inquifitiw and Judiciowtbcrre regarded not his great Aftiona^ his Courage, ot his Fortune, but watched to feo how ten));)<(rat<^ly and humbly his could bear his Profperityj. with what Moderation and Unconcern he could behave himfelf in that honourable and happy Goiidiciom Neither did he remit any thing of his wont^ Re^ fervedneis in Converfation, or M^jeftical Carriage to the People } notwithftanding a litde Coodefc^n* iion and obl^ing Civility was very neocflary for his prefent A&irs. And PliiOy^ as we faid l^fprcf advi/ed him to avoid a furly Demeanori unlei^ he iateftded to be abandoned by all Company, and live alone by Himfelf. But certainly he was fi^tu-; rally an Enemy to Com'plaifstnce $ and be(^^, he had a Deiiga to reform thtS/racMfians^ and make thorn more grave and ftayed^ who Were grown very dilTolutc, foppifh and humerfom^ . HeracUdes b^gan again to fet up againfl; h^^y and being. fcnt far one Dgy hyDhn tO Cpuncil, (i) he fent word he could not come to Council, or confult otherwiie than as a private Citizen, and in ' a publick Aflfembly. Soon after he impeached JDioffj becaufe he had not demoUih'd the Citadel, . and becaufe he had hindred the People from throw- ing down Dion^Hs's Tomb, and doing defpite to (i) In wbat an advantagtous Light does ?!utanh place this Moderation, and ScU-deaial io I>m! Whilft all Mankind have their Eyes fixed upon Him, he is infenfibleto that univcrfal Admira- tion, and fixeth His only upon the 'Academy, that School and Nur- fcry of Wiidom and Virtu;. (i) HiracUdet retnmed ihife Vol., VIII, % thQ Anrwer on purpofe to cajol^ the People. . He rcfufcd to go to the CounciI-board» becaufe that Meet- ing was a Mark of the Arifto- cracy, and profclTed bis Readineft to appear in the Ailcmblyi be- caufe That Was a Token of the Democracy, which he was will* ing to have re cdablifhcd. Digitized by VjOOQ IC 4$ The JL t FJZ ^/ theJ^w^l moreover, be acctifed him ibf fenditog to C(0inth for Counfdlors^and Affifliuits in the Go*> iFernsicot, and thereby negle&ing and (lighting his Fellow-^Cidzeos. And indeed he had prevailed with fome Corikthiam to come to him, hoping bjF their Mettis and Prefence the better to fettle thac Goveniment be intended^ fof he deGgned to re* ftfatn the unlittitted Sower of the People; which indeed is not a Government, but (i) (as Plato^ calU it) a Shop or Warehoufe of all Sons of Govern* metits, and to eftablifll a Conititution compofed of the iM^d^fnoman zj^OiUn Plan, wherein Jrift^^ iracf'VfoiM always prevail, and prefide in Af&im of the greateft kapoirtance; for he faw the Carim^ tbians were chiefly governed by the Grandees, and that the People were but little concerned in pub^ lick Bofinefs. 'Now, knowing that fferaelidis would be his tnoft cher makes it appear that in a Dore' Democracy every Man Mvetk » hci lifts. And tb$it as Wpn^yi am) Children delight in Clothes or all Sorts of Colours, there are fomje twho for the fame Realbn delighr in that Sort Of Goveroment. there a Man may pick our what Form plcafcth 6im bcft, bccaufc inThat alone All are comprehended. It is a fort of Fair* or publick Sale of Governments,, ucjji^ gJV 'ttavIc' (a) I am not i^orant that we hive fi>me StatcTmen, who from' the CUafader of HmuUdBiy hii great Obligaticiis to Dm and thf thciv Situation of Affairi, will be apt enough to determine that it waf albwabk in &r«» to remove that perfffUn) CM^dc to all hit Defigns, for the Good of his Country; but I can tell them that they argue upon fallacious and cor? rupt Principles, and that no Mao whatever is xo be put to death without the fornf>al Proceedings of Juftice. We want no other Judge or Authority in this Point thail Ditf»*s own Coofciencey which Plutarch will foon tell us wal ^rirvoufly tormented for that I Murder. ' * ^ . . brolcc Digitized by Google DION. , ^f broke into his Houfe, and murdered him. His Death wa$ much relented by the Citizens:. Buc i97hen they faw Dhn make him a fplendid Funeral, foHo^ }m Herfe with all his Soldiers, and pro* iKNifice an Orttipo to the People, they were molli* fed, and fpi^ve him, for they perceived that it would have been impoflible to have kept the City quiet, 08 long as DUn and Heraclides were Com- petitors tti the Government. Dim had a Friend, cabled CaJiff^Sy an jttbeman^ . who, Pkto fitys, grew fa^niliar^ich him, and his Confident not upon the/ Merit of his Learning, but becaufc he was introduced by him into foroc Myfterjous Ceremonies of their Religion, and fo contraded m accidental Acquaintance. This Map was all along with him in the Army in grea,t Ho- nour and E&€^m s being the firft of his Friend5, who marched by his fide into .Syracufe with a Garland upon his Head,'fpr t^at be had behaved himfelf very well in all the A&ion, and was be- come remsrksble for his Courage and Gallantry. He finding that Z>im*s principal and moft confider- able Friends were cut off in the War, Hemclidet now dead, and the People without a Leader, and tliat the Soldiers had a great Kindnefs for Him,. , like a perfidioiis ^nd wicked Villain^ in Hopes to get the chief Command of Sicily^ by the Ruin of his Friend and Benefaftor^ and, as fome fay, be- ing bribed by the Enemy with twenty Talents to deftroy D/w, inveagled and engaged fevcral of the Soldiers into a ConTpiracy againft him, contriving his execrable Plot in the manner following, r He dsiily informed Dion of what he heard, or what he feigned the Soldiers faid againft him> whereby he gained that Credit and Confidence, that he was allowed by Dion to confort privately with whoni be wouldy and talk freely againft him in any Com^ pany, that he might difcovcr who were hiS fectec Ex ' ani Digitized by Google ^t The LIFE 0f and faflious Malignants. By this means Calippas in a fliort time got together a Cabal of all the fc- ditious Difcontems in the Cityj and if any one Vho would not be drawn in informed Dion that he had been tampered with, he was not troubled or- concerned isit it % believing Calippus did it in Com*' pliance with his Dire£bions« ' * While this Confpiracy was a-foot, a ftrangc and dreadful Apparition was feen by Dhn. As he' fat; one Evening in a Gallery in his Houfe ibfelancholy and thoughtful, hearing a fudden Noife, he turned about, and faw at the End of the Room, by clear' Day-light, a tall Woman, in her Countenance and' Garb like one of the Tragical Furies, with a Broom in her Hand fweeping the Floor % being amazed and terribly affrighted, he lent for fome of his Friends, and told them what he had feen^ (i) en« treating them to ftay t^ith him, and keep htm Company all Night % for he wias greatly aftonifhed and perplexed, fearing that if he were left alone, the Spe&re would again appear to him: But he -^ faw it no more. (2) A few Days after, his only Son, being almoft grown up to Man^s Eftate, upon fome Difbleafure and Pet he had taken on a childifli and frivolous Occafion, threw himfelf headlong from the Top of the Houfe, and brake his Neck. ' (1) I am not furpnzed tbtt I>'wn. iho^ld iee an Apparition, for the Imagination of a Perfoa (o fplenedck as Vm might prdent to bim one of thoie formidable Obje^s. But) how comes it about himfelf to a (eoond Sif^ht of this diftpal Objcd. For tbofe Phan- toms never vifit a Man when he is in good Companyy they appear to him only when be is alone. {%) Plutarch' rdar^ this ^vmiit . t^ae fi; M)m of, {o much Courage j u an £xplic4cioo of what was * (hould' be ib terribly frightened at Mone bv the Apparitioni That it as to deiGre his Friends to ftay I Fary which feemed to be fweep- ^iM Wh 4dl' Night? It was' not i ing the Houfe, began to fwecp it §OTifnn^ of Cottrageithat Dion re- 1 in carneft by hurrying the Son of csiopd ^is Fri^iids with him, it I i>/0O to his G.-^ive. ^asbec^afc he would not e^cpofe' .Goofl Digitized by ^ '' " **•'" ' O I ON. 69 While Dion was Under this Affliftion, Calif pus drove on his Confpiracy$ and fpead a Rumour a- tnong the Syracufians^ ThnzDionbcihg now Child- Icfe, was rciblved to fend for Z)/^»j^w's Son, jfpol^ hcratesy who was his Wiifo*s Nephew, and Sifter's Grand-Son, and make Him his Heir and Succcflbr; By this time,' -D/(w, bis Wife and Sifter beg^n to fiifpefk what wtfs doing, and were from all Handf ccMifirmed in the Belief of the Plot. Dion^ as 'tis probable, bciii^ troiibled for H^acUdes^% Murder,' which was like to be a Biol at)d Stain upon his Honour, and the glorious Anions of his Life, in great Axiecy >atid Difquiet declared, he had rather ie a thoufand times, and open his Breaft himfelf to the Aflaffine, than live tot only in Fear of his Enemies, but Sufpicibn of his Friends. CaUppus itcing the Ladies very inqui Stive to fearch the Bottom of the Bufinefs, and fearing the Event, came to them, utterly denying it with Tears in his Eyes> and offi^rihg to give them what** fbcver AfTurancesof his Fidelicy they defired : They required, that h9 woold take the great Teft and folemn Oath, which was after this Manner : The Juror wcM into the Tcmplfc of Ceres and Profer^ pirn I after the Perfoirmance of fome Ceremonies, he was dad in the purple Vefftmisntof the Goddefs, Md holding a lighted Torch in his Hand, took his Oath. Calippus did as they required, atld for- fwore theFa&- But he fo little valued thofeGod* d^es, thac he ftayed 'rill theFeftivalof Profirpine^ by whom he haa fworn, '^and then committed his intended Murder} (i) noc that the Solemnity of E J thd (i) ThisPifligc has becA mif- iindef iiood by fome of the Inter^- pretcTs. The Words contain P/ii- tarcb\ oivn Refledlion upo 1 that iip^iovs aad abominable A^on. The Daf of itfclf adds nothing to the Malignity of a Crtnie» which is e^tully offenfive to the Deity on wnatevcrDiy tt is corn* mittcd. This is undeniable, How- evct Digitized by Google 70 The L I F E of the DajT could add any thiog to hk Crimc^ for the GoddeU would have been as highly offended at his Impiety had he murdered Dion on any other Day, efpecially fince H^ was the Perfon who 6rft introduced, and initiated him in the holy My-» iteries. There were a great many in the Confpiracyit $nd tsDion was at hoUne with feveral of htsPrieii^ la bis £ntertaining*Room, feme of th^ Conrpirgi^ tors bdfet the Hpufe round, others fecured the Deqrs and Windows. The Aflaffines were Zacm- tbians^ who wentiii to him in their ordinary Ha* bit unarmed. They who were without (hut tho Doors and kept aU fail. The Murderers fell up-^ on hinX) endeavouring, to ftifle htm ^ but when That could not be efF^eded, they called for a Sword in oF4ef to difpatch bito> but none durft open the Door. There were a great many^ within wiiii J>i&n^ but every one was for fecortng hitafelf i iupp^fing, that by letting Him Idrfe his Life, htf Should fave hts Own^- atid therefore' no Man veai tured to aili^ him. When th^ had waited a good while, at length Lycm a SymcufiaM reached a (hqrt Sword in at the Window ^to Mie of the ZminibmiSy andi dwnied and almoft fenfckfs as he ^ was^ X^Csx a Sacri^ce tt the Altar^ they ebt Bmfi Throat. After this deteAablt Murder they confined bii^ Sifter^ and Wifcs ^ho was then b% ^kh Child* The unfaappy^Lady: fell ift Labour in tlic Frifon^ and wasdeUvered of a So»^ whom they Both um dsriook to preietvei.^ having firit gained the Guards to that Effcft, which was no difficult Point, be* cvor it iiH)ft br allowed that tbe Horror and Impiety of theAdion p more particularly confpicQODS ia Him who chufcch to comjnit if on i Day fet apart for ibhie re- ligious Cercnu>oics> for therebjp heprofaocs the holy MyAcriei. caufe Digitized by VjOOQ IC a^ Csiippus begKn $Xtdiiy to be embroyrd to Troabics; Ac fii^ft ifi«r tiie Mttither of Diony He WM thfi Mlf Man llifli WAS locked upon, add had the Mc Qorommetit of gyrdafi in fait Hands* Naljr, Iw preftitDttd to write e^en to jUbens^ whom of idl die Cfties be ooglit fttoft w hare dreaded aott to ifae Ifirmorcal God$^ poHtred as be was with ib biack a Murder. Bm ittts^ivtH^ be (aid of. that Gity, t'bat tbi good Men Jhi Jhreiis an fbe m^ £^<» €ilJk^y and the Bad the f*9ft Nourioai^ as tbe;Sial of j/uiea {>rodQces thd inoft cteliciom ;Hooey^ and the aioft deadly Potfon. Gaivpptti did not iong ccn* thioe to ibandftlize Fortonir, and upbraid tbe.Godi with his ProfperitjF) who fdemed to wink at^ and bear with that wretched Man^ while he purchafed Riches and Power by the mod heinoas tod enot« mous Impieties, but he quickly received the Pa- Bilhinent be ddenred y for going to cake Catana^ he loft SyracUfi', whereupon they report he fatdt He bad hft a Cify^ and ^ot a (i) Cbeeje-Qrafer. Then attempting Adiffiw^ he Hd moil or his Men cat oi^ and among the teft, Dion'% Murtheifers. When no City in f/V/()^^wbtild admit him, but ali hated and abhorred him, lie went into Itafy^ and took Rbegiumi there being neceffitous, and not able to maintain his Soldiers, he was killed by Leptimus ^nd ^f^^/itrcbms ^and ^ li^oruiae would hm it) with mt &«ie 9w6id with which i>/M bad been aTafliniiMl, for k Was knowb by the Sh^, being bat ihOrt, as the Sparuin Swbrds com«l6hIy are^ and by the Wo^Ntianibtp wlkich was y€ty cdrious and artifici^ t^fatts C^kffHS received the Reward of his Villaniei. (i) This Inftvument WIS caHeaUddi^Ni to which Od^p$^$ al- Tttl^rih iaftead of which the jtad^ oa this Occsfioa. OQiaiiioo People proooanccd it J E4 When ^ Digitized by VjOOQ IC fi TheZ I B E; &c. When Jrifitfmacbe arid Arete were rejcaftd ouftjbf. Prifon, Icetes^ one of 2)/Ws Friends, tookthcfnito his Hcufe, and for ajyljilcxarertaincd ctem w6ll, and like a faithful Friend i after ward^, b^ing pcr-^ Ibadrd &y />iWs Enemies^ lie provided a Skipy and) pretended «o fend them xt\io Peloponnejus^ ttincomr'- manded the Sailors, ^be^ they catn^ ojuc to Sea;: tO' bill them, and throw them avcr-board* Q(hersr fty,' n'hatf They and the .little Boy were thrpwni alh* tTbiiJ$ngl9 Mfe faroifHeth. U8 v^itb iiu^»^^ I nuances of phc divine Vengeance^ pion confcnrs ' td ' ftie ft! urdcr of ^HtmcUdes^ and is Ritn- fejf^ luArtofcdibon after, . Cfllipftis gct8 Di^tQ 1>c aflafliniated by/oroe Spldkcfi of i^^»^» '^ho peri rfi in a Sfegc/ and Catrpftes ig in hfs*Tufii affair fl*^ ^ hy leeof ^nd Tolyfiy- A(($f^ aQ4,ho^ iafvic Coitd to be dhif Hand, in remembrartcfc of his Courage and Refo- hitiofi' in expelliiig the Tarquins^ and deftroying the Monarchy. But that antient -ffr/;^/tfj was of a fcvere and inflexible ^afture, (like Steel -of too hard a Temper) and not at all foftned by Study or Education 5 nay he fuffered himfelf to be fo fan tranfportcd with his Rage and Hatred againft Ty- rants, that for confpiring with thetn, he proceed- ed to the Execution even of his own Sons. \But this Brutus^ whofc Life we now write, having to the Goodnefs of his Difppfition (i) added the Im-' (i) And yet if he had foffncd bis Naturri Difpofitfon by the Diaitcs of Rcafon, which hehtd imbibed in the Schools of the Phi- Idfbphers, he wodd never barede* (Irbyed Ci[/4r> which wa* an hdaor^t Tiotto be learnt, or approved bf any Precepts of Philofophy. provements Digitized by Google 74 The L I F E of provements of liettrnin^, and Soidy of Philofopby, and having quickned his natural Parts, of them* fdves grave and gentle^ to qnalify himfelf fof Bu- finels and public Afiairs, feems to have been of a Temper exaftly framed for Virtue i infomuch that (i) They who were moft bis Enemies, upon the account of his Confpiracy apainft Cafar^ if in that whole Afiair there was any honourable or generous Aftion done, refer it wholly to Brutusj and lay whatever was barbarous and cruel to the Charge of Caffiusy Brutus^s moft intimate and familiar Friend, but not at all like him in Honefty and Vir- tue. His Mother Servilia Was of the Family of Servilius Hahj who, when Sfuriui Manlius had worked the People into a Rebellion, and defigned to have nmde Hinarfelf Kittg, takmg a Dagger un^ der his Arm, went forth into the Market-place, and upon pretence of having fome private Bufinefs with him, (2) came up clofe to him, and as he bent his Head to bear what he bad to fav, ftuck him with his Dagger, and flew him. And thu$ much, as it concerns his Defceot by the Mother^i fide, is conlefled by all) but as for his Father's Fa- mily, They who fox Cdfar's Marcher bore anjr Ha* tred or lU-will to Brum ($) will not allow hM JDefcent from that Brutus who expelled ^^Tai^uaA^ ih^e being none of his Race left^ after ch^ £xe^ (i) tc appears from thisPaAaf^e that even in the days of VUit^th dKrd were Ibme Temtiniiig who bif ed the Mein^y of Srmm for the (hare he had in the Murder of Cdftur ; ao3 I am of Opinion thar Ae (ame Marred eontmuethi and wiB do fc tft the End of the World. (a) thy fdaces thii Hiftory iffcr a more prohabic maoner, Kb.in3ed« 14. And we wtt lifii' red by feme Hiftotiaos due Sn- viUus, who was at that time Ge^ neral of the Horfe. Qc^' Mantists by Older of the Dida^ ^mM Cmhmim. This hmened. wm$t .four hundred Years bcibr« thit, Murder of Ce/5w. -^ (3) Of thtt Numhcf If J>hffffttu of .Urikmfw^l^ «aiio ^4oei uno^ do it out of any prcjodice to Brmuss hut upon th« Aiifh6rit]r of the moft faithfal Hiftorians; cution Digitized by VjtOOQIC MARCUS BRUTUS. Jf oftibn of htttwo Soils i but tlmr he wis a Pk^ heian^ dcTcedded feom one Brutus^ fofiie Nobler nmo's Stew^^ of n-nean Fsmify, which hut very ktfcijr was raifed to aay Office or Diguicy in tte Cominiggwealth. But Pofidammi the PhUofopher iiiiiLi|"H>tt it is true indeed wliat Hiffory relacesy; iliat two c^ th€*Soii8 oiBrutms^mho thereof Mens Efiate, were put to Death, but that a Thkd) yec an Infant, was left alivv^ frmv whom the Family ^ was propagated dibwa to Mar'tus Brutus ; and f&t* dier, that there were fevcral famous Peifons oi thk Hofife in Hia .Time, and of his own Acquaint tance, whofe Loatks Tcry much refembled the Statue of JwttMs Bfutm. But of this Subjeft t* fiOBgh* Can the Phitofiipfaer was Bi^dier to Servttia^ the Mot)ttrof Bnam^ and He^t wis whboi of all Khe Romans btsr Nephew moft admired, and ftudieil to imitate,' and idterwards marriod fats Daughter Parcia. But of all the Seds of the Gmk Philo^ f6pb&l$y tbo' there was none of which he had not been- a fiearer, and in which bd had not made ibme Profideocyvy^t he chiefly efkemed the Pla^ Hmfis. . He had:no great Opirtioii eidier c^ the Kew, or Middle Academy, but applied himfelf wfaoUy ito the Study of the A^ont. For this SbKH fbn He was all hia Life-lime a great Adnmrer of jhaUabm^ of i^ Ctty of Afmtrn^ and took hfa Bcothior Arijtom'ivsco hia own Houfe.for his Friend «ad Coaipioion^ a Man for his JLearning inferior iadeed to many of the Philofopbcrs, but for rfad eremiefa of hia Temper, and fweetnets of Convert fttiQn,ec}ual to the Beft. As for EmpfUs^ of whom }^ JHrn^eif and his Friends made often mention in ' Ifceir EpifUea, as of oat who conftantly lived with BmtuSf he was an Orator, and has left behind him a Ihort but wclKpenncd Hiftory of the Death of ' ' In Digitized by VjOOQIC -in Latin he: i»3B>a* good Spt^akw,' and .bad kjr eoifftant Exd-cife^atuiiied a ftrfficUmc Excellency iftmaiddg poblickiOratiom^isrid pleading Caufes: Bat in Gr^^/fe iie .was: remarkobte for aiF^ingicbc fenk^ficious andiliort Ldconick ^ay: of fpeakmg;V in^hds Epifiks efpedallyr as when in the beginrnng* of tbe War he writ thus to ihe P^^ananiam y £ b99r ffeubavi ^tnfen.Dol^btWsi Mm^ y if yau:gatd H^^mUingfyy yau fmjk^owfi geu bMe* ingmed Me i if^ tmmlliffgljty JbM^it^ by giving wiiHitg^Ja Me. Andr ianocfaer time^to the Savuans: TmrDdiierat&mJire} Udims^ your jdSRons^.fl&w $ ^ wba^tkikk ye wiH'h 4im 0tii?^'AM of the P(aareans ihM^i T'be Xantjiiam^ fiifpeaing. my^JCindnefi^, .bave.\wuide^tbeir ^ Country d Grave of Defpair 5 tbe Patareans, trufting themfiivesk to ntey bawJoJtSfOtbfug of : thur finii^. iJierty^^ it is imywrFower f&fcbufe tbe JuiffKuatt-iif\tbe Pacareans^ fr tbe Fortune, af the. Xantbiaife; And this is thb Style wherein bis oiofl: remaskaUe Leuers imre ufoally writ. :* \ . 1 : .; > ' . v • • When he wasi^but a very: yowog Man, heac«^' comf9anied his \Jiidc Catoto Cyfr^r^ whither jict wasfeiib with an Army agaitift P^pAmy.Bat as foon ^ Ptolemy had killed hicnfelfi '<3iato Hinifelf being, detained by fome t^ctSkry Bu(ine(s in the IfteoC abodes^ fent> one of hts Friendv'iiaTriedCtfffi^iic/^ tw t^ke into his Care and Keeping ith& Treafiii^i0fi fheKing^ but .afterwards fQfpeCbing bis Fidelk^y. herwrit to Brutus to fail immediately to €^prus^ out of PampbyHa^ where hcythen fbi3^d to refr^h^ bimfelF, beihgrbttt newly refcovered of» a Fit c^ Sidknefs. He obeyed his Orders^ but with a greao deal of uawiUingnefs^ as well out of Refpc^'ta Ganiniusj who .was thrown out bf this Etbplpy^ ment by Cato ^ith fo much* Di(grace.$ as alfo be« caufe he cftecmed fuch a Cominiffion tpo mean fok a Gentleman, and not at all becoming Him, who was in the prime of his Youtbyind gtyen to Jfto^ks and Digitized by VjOOQ IC M A R C us B R VTVS. f^^ tXiA Learning. Neverthelcfs, af^lying hhrifcl^ tcl: thh Bafineft, he bchivcd himfelf fo wtll iit ic,rimB be was highly comtijdnd^d by Cdf$^ and .hav^g ftirncd all the Good* of -Ptolmf' into rcady^ MiH ' iicy, brought the greateft part* 6f it iii his cilira Ship to Rome. • ' ' ' — 1 - About this time the State begafltd be embroilevj^^ when Pompey iM^Cafar taktag iip Arnas agaitid; one another, the Whole Govertiment was tutliedl into Confufion. In iihW Conjonduit, it was gelie-^ raUy believed that he would have taken C^/at^ JSdc 5 for his Father not long before had been f«tf to Death by Pompey. (i) But He thinking ithi*^ Duty to prefer thfr Ihtereft of the PabUck before hfs own private ReTentments^ andt judging Pom^ pefs to be the better Caufe, todk part with Hifaii tho' formerly he ufed not fo much as to fsdutoDr take any notice of Pompey ^ if he* happened to meet him, efteeming it a great Crii^ -iro have the leail Converfation with the Morthercr of his Feather. Bat now looking upon him as thet^eneral of his^ Country, hi hi&d hitofelf unc^ bis Command^ and fct Sail for Sitify^ in Quality of Lieutenant ta Seftius. wh6 had the Government of that Ifland.< But fihdihg no Opportunity there of Ihewing him- felf in any great Aftibn, and heeat*ing that Pompej^ fmd Cafar were encamped near one another, and were preparing to begin the Battel, upon which the whole Enaptre depended, he came of his owa accord to Macedonia to partake m the Danger. At his coming, it is f^d, that Pompey was fo furprizcd* and at the fame time fo pleafed, that rifing from his Chaif, in the fight of all hts Guards, he faluted (0 Hits is the Xaion of a g!«it Mtod. Brutu^ cml^raceth d»'Pfty even of his Father's Mardertr* becaufe be thought it more jfA chan^Tfaat pf C^/^i aad coniidered Him as the Head of the State, of which C^frr was the declared Enemy* An honed Statefmari has no other Interell at Heart but That of hh Country. ^ ftn4 Digitized by Google yf The LI F E of and embMce4 him, as one of the cbicftft !^n of bj^Parcy. All cbe time chat he wasio the Camp^^ < eopiJDg That which he Tpeat in Pompiy\ Campat fijTf (i) he employed in Reading aqd in Stii4yi which he 4id not negkA even the Day before the It Battel of Pb^rfaUa. It wa3 the middle of vsofiU ^^^ ^he Heat was very grat, and the »p fiUlaiQed many Inconveoifaqde;^ by heiog V>4g^ io ^ ayirihy Grouad^ md They who car-^ n^JSr0us^$ Tent had ftayod a long while be^rit IJbfiy came. Yet tho* upon aU thefe Accounts he was extreamly hafaiTed, and out of Qrdet^ had forbore anointing \iim(id( 'till rewards she middli of the Day, and eaten very fpanngly, whilft tjif nil: were afleep, w taken up widi the Tho^gbta Qf to-*moffrow's A^ton^ He fpent his whole time •till ihe Evemug in writing an J&pitome of Pf^-* kms. It is ^Hd) that C^r/^ir had fo g^fcat a Regsr4 |pr bim^ (hat be ocdeced his Copmanders by no inefins to i^itl Bit^^s in the Bai;tel> b^ to tp^urc him, if poffiblf» and bring bim&fe to Him, if te Vpuld wiJUingly (Urrender himielf i biit if be Ojiado wy RefiftMce, . «>fuSer him to efcape, rather than to do him any Violence. And This he is believed CO have done out of Tendf rncft to ^irvHta^ tho Mother of Brnt$s\ {%) for Cafar bad% k feems. (i) It were fo be wifrcd tktt our 3roiuig Officers noifr-a-dayi would foUov the Example of UrmuSf and employ that time in tfMt^ good Bbofcs, which they i^^ifllf wafte in Tti^ a^ De- bauch. This would enrich their Mindt with great and noble Ideas, which would (jiiicken their Cou- i>ge upon Occalion« fcvcry Cam- paign fpent in this Manner would not fail turning to a good Account. (i) This Paflio«wasno Sccrer> for ofjie ^ C^M nvidr Jiw '« Pr^t of a Pearl which coH him an loinaenie Sura> and during the Ctv9 'Wars he ailigcMd to her for a Trifle, a conSeraMe fifttfe; w^icb.b9d too confifcatedt gnci had been put up by him to pub- .lick Sale. This gave Occalion to one of Ctcero*9 Witticifinsy for when every one was furprized to* fee at bow cheap a Ft ice k wm paftd over to Servilia, ^uo wr- Uutt &ith he, tmftwh fn^h Digitized byGoogk MARCUS BRUTUS, in hu Youth, been very inrimate with her, and* ihe paffioaately in Loipc with Htqa : And coofider^ ing^lhac Br$aus was bora about that time, io which their Loves were at the hiffbeft, Cffar had lows' Reaibn to belicye that he was bc^t by Hidf . There goes a Report too, that when fbme great and weighty Matters, coneerning the Confpirae]^ oi C0$mmj wIhcA hid liice to have been the De^ ftniftiofi of the X^otomon-wealf b^ were debating^ in the Seniles Can and C^ar^ tho* dificrfng ia^ ttidr Opinions^ were placed near to one another: In the middle of the Debate a little Note was 9 quo quidim ilU, Ad qnem M- verth Cdfanm fiUtum dicert, magni refert hie quid vUt, frd, quiccjwd volti valdi W/. lJqu9 eum ahhnadvertijfe cum froDtiff* taro NiUA dixertt, vMe eum ve^ hitmnter, & ^^« diare^ Ic follows therefore that eiclier thia PaiTage in Tlutareh is corrupteij» or that it '\% a flip of his Memorj» as has been obfcrvcd by Viffotmsti and Crufmuu "when Digitized byGoogk MARCUS BRUTUS. «i when it was! fee on work by the Motives of right Reafon) and the Principles of Honefty, which way ibever it turned it felf, moved with great Vi« gour and Impetuofity, and generally e£^ed its Defigns. No Flattery could ever prevail with him to liften to unjuft Petitions^ and he reckoned^ that to be overcome by the frontlefs Importunities of Suiters^ tho* fome compliment it with the Kame of Modefty and a ihame to refufe^ was the fouleft Difgrace a great. Man could fufFcr. And he oCed to lay, ^at he Jbrewdly fufpeSedj that Tiey who could deny nothings bad not very boneftly employed the Flower of their Touth. C^far being about to take an Expedition into 'Africa againft Cato and Scipio^ committed to Bru^ tus the Government of Gallia Cifalpinay to the great ' Happinefs and Advantage of that Province. For while Thofe of other Provinces laboured un* derthe Violence and Avarice of their Governors, and fuffered as much Oppreflion, as if they had been Slaves and Captives of War, Brutus put an ^ End to all fuch InColencies there, and by his eaiie Government made them amends for all their for-* mer Calamities, and reconciled and fixed all their Affe&ions to Cafary infomuch that it was a mofl: welcome and pleafant Speftacle to Cafar^ when in his Return he pafTed through Italy^ to fea the Cities that were under Brutus^s Command, and Brutus Himfelf increafing his Train and Honour, and moft obligingly attending him in his Pro- grcfs. Now (everal Prsetorfhips being void, it was all Mens Opinion, that That of the cfaiefefl: Digni* ty, which is called the Prsetcrfliip of the City, would be conferred either upon Brutus or Cc^fjius | and Some fay, that there having been fome little Difference upon former Accounts between them, tfais Competition fet them much more at Variance yoL. VIII, F thoV Digitized by VjOOQ IC 8ir The L I F E of tho' they were allied, Caffius having married Ju^ Jia^ the Sifter of Brutus. Other* fay, that this Contention was raifed between them by Cafar'z means, who had privately given each of them fuch Hopes of his favouring their Pretenfions, as made them break out into this open Competitien add Tryal of their Intereft. Brutus had only the Re- putation of his Honour and Virtue tcr oppofe to * the many and gallant Aftions performed by Caffius in his Youth againft the Partbians. But C^fat having heard each Side, and deliberating about the Matter among his Friends, faid, Caffius indeed f leads with tnoft Juftice^ but Brutus muft have the firft Pratorjbip. So another Praetorihip was given to Caffius I but the gaining of This could not jR> Inuch oblige him, as he was incenfed for the Lois of the Other. And in all other Things Brutus was Partaker of Cafafs Power as much as he dc- fircd 5 for he might, if he had pleafcd, been the chief of all his Friends, and had Authority and Command beyond them AH, but Caffius by his Converfation drew him off from Cafar^ and turn- ed him to Himfclf. - Indeed he was not yet wholly reconciled to Cajjius^ fince that Competition which had been between them > but yet he gave Ear to CaJJius's Friends, who were perpe^ tually advifing him not to be fo blind^ as iQ fuffer himfelf to be foftened and won upon by Csefar^ but to Jhun the Kindnefs and Favours of a Tyrant y vvbieb^ they intrimated, Caefar Jhewed bim^ not to exprefs any Honour to bis Merit or Virtue^ but to unbend bis Strength^ and fiacken the Vi^ four of his Mind. Neither was Cafar wholly without Sufpicion of him, nor wanted Informers that accufed Brutus to him ; but he feared indeed the high Spirit, and the great Authority, and the many Friends which he had, but thought himfelf fecure in his Honcfty and Virtue, when it was .-told Digitized by VjOOQIC MARdUS BRUTUS. 2$ told Um ifirfty^that ifn/Mr^ and DiiaMh deQgwi fomeJOiftutbaocC) // is n$fy fatd he, the f(U 4nd the iof^'4?dired Men that I ftar^ hii the fah4»djb$ kan'9 meaning Brutus and^ Caffius. Aifterwardf wiien Some accufed Brutus tohim^and advifcdhini to bewar&of* faim^laying his Hauid upon his Breafi^ he (aidj Jf%at^ do you think that Brutus will n$f wait out the time of ibis JitkBoify ? As if he theughc None .fit lb iiicceed hhn:dh' fo'greafc PoWcf but only Brutus. ^ And indeed it feems to be without doubt, ^ diat Bruiks mtghcihave l)een the firft Mfift in the GaaxmonR wealthy if he bould ha^e h^d Patience bi^a little tim6 toi>e Second to^ C^frr % If he wodd have iiiffered hiis iPawer ioftmfibly t9 dccajr after it was come to its-^higheft Pitch,, .ai^ the Fame of his great Aftions to di^ and wither away by' Degrees. But Ct^us^^ ^ Man of . a ^er£e Difpofitioh, and one who out of private Malicoi rather than' Love of the Publicki hated Cj^Jkr^ not the Tyrant^ .continually fired liim and ftirred him up I upon> which Occafion itiwaa fatd, T'bat Brutus could not ^ endure the Jmferial Power ^ tut Caffius bated the Emperor. Caffius pretended to have re- ceived many Hardfhips and Injuries from Csfar. Among other thingi he complained of his having taken his JLions from him ; for when Caffius was dcfignedfor^iEdile, he had caufed many of them to betaken^ and condu&cd toMegara^ to be madp ufe of in the Shews he was by. vertue of his Office to exhibit to the People, but Cxfar finding tbeoa in Meguruy when that Gty was taken by Calanus^ he feized them to Himfelf. It is faid that thefe Lions proved very fatal to the Megarians^ for when the. City was given over for loft, they broke open their Dens, pulled off their Chains, and let them loo(e,to the end they might put a ftop to the Jmpetuofity of the Enemy, who were then en- tring the City 5 but They,inftead of falling upon F 1 ibc Digitized by Google . The Ll^ E of ; ^ V the Enemy) tui^ed -u{^on the 'popr Inhabitabti Themfelves,( and as^ thty fled up and daixrh nakdl and ; dcfenccteft tore- great NtimBers- of. /them to Piece»^ ib that their vciy Eneriiies could not bcV hold fo miferable a;iSpeS;acIe without Horror^ and Compaffion. This, ScHnfefay, was the chief Pro* vocation that illrrcd up. Caffius to ^ohfpirc; againft Cafaf', but they ard much in the wrong : For Cad/ias had fronnht^ Youth ananiral Hatred and Kmchilr againft the Miole Race of TymntSyWl^ich hefliewed whenliewas. but a Boy^l andj went to tb« fame School vrltHFoftftusjil^Soaof Sylla% for He Ipealdng- great f^Words tunongft the Boys; dnd. extolling the unlinkited Command of bis Fa-* thtTy CaJ^us rofe'iip) and ftruck him two .or three Boxes on the Ear: which when the Tutors and Relations of F^2(/?^x ddigned' to. enquire into, and to profecute, Pompey forbad them, and.fending for both the Boys together,. examined^ dbc. Matter Himfelf. And Cafius then is reported xo have (aid thus, Come on, Fauftiis,: dare t$ fpeak before This Man thofe Words tbat\pr(fvoked me^ that Itnayfirih thee again as I did before. Such, was the Difpofr ticn o( Cajffius. ' - • / ' .. . . v : .it , . But Brutus by many Perdiafions of his familiar Friends,[and many Letters from unknown Citiixns^ was rouzed up and pufhed on to this Undertaking* For under the Statue of his Ancellor firuius^ who overthrew the Kingly Goviernment, they writ thefe words, O that we had a Brutus now! And, O that Brutus ivere alive I And Brutus^s own Tri- btmal, on which he fate as Prsefor, wai filled each Morning with fuch InfcriptionsT as thefe, 2m are " afleep^ Brutus $ and Xou are not a true Brutus. Now the Flatterers oi Citfdr were the Occafion of all This, for among other invidious Honours which they ftrove to faften upon Cafar^ they crowned his Statues by Night, with a dcfign to Jftir up the People Digitized by VjOOQiC M A R C 0 a ttR I? T U S. r% People to faiute hhn King inftead'of Diaatnr. - Bilt the quite ^ contrary came to paG, as I ha^e liiore •particalaily fhewn in the Life of Cafar. When Cajfuj fpllicited Friends to engage in this 'Defign againft defar^ all readily confeited upon Condition\Bf»/^j would be Head of the Confpi- racyj for their Opinion was, that for this Enter- prize they wanted not Hands or Refblutipn, but the Reputation and Authority of a Man^ fuch as He was, to lead them on, (i) and by hisPrefencc jufttfie the Undertaking : That without Him they fhould go about this A6l:ion with leis Hearty and Ihould lie under jgreater Sufpicions when they had ^one it J becaufe they knew all the World 'would think that if the Afbion Were jaft and honourable, they were ffire £rutus would not rcfufc to engage in it. .•'-'•■ . Cojfflus h^vmg confidered thefe things with bim4 felf, went to Brutus^ and made him the firft Vifit after their falling but j and after the Compliments of Reconciliation paflcd, and former Kindnefles renewed between them, he asked him, if be. de- figned to ie prejent at the Senate on the Cahndf, df March, fir it was difcourfed^ he faid, /^ft^i/ CacfarV Friends intended then to move that be might be made* King. When Brutus anfwered. That he would not be there: But what^ fays Gajftus^ if they Jbould fend for us? It is my Bujinefs tbeni^ replied Brutus^ not to bold my Peace^ but to ftand up boldly i, and die for the Liberty of my Country. To which Qafftus^ with feme Concern, anfwered, But what Roman will fuffer you to die? What^ do you not know yourfelfy Brutus? Or do you think that thofe Infcriptions that jou find upon your Pra^torV Seat^ were '/«/ there by (i) This \% much to the Ho- nour of Brutus i but how can wc fufficiently deplore the Illufion Jffify Mea were under, who thought the Murder of C£/ar would pafs for an Adion full of Honour and Juftice if, Brutu^ would be an Accomplice in it! F 3 Weavers, Digitized by VjOO^ iC fd ni L I F B.if^ M Weaker)) "ViawBcrsF,. 9r th^ mil$ J^fi^^^ and mf tytbis ^rfi and m$fi ft^erful iyfe» (?/'R6m'c?. Fr^ ether Praetors indeed they expisSl Largejffes and Sboiis Md Gladiators^ (i) hut from Tou they ckim, as an hereditary Debt^ the Extirpation of Tyranny^ they are all ready to fuffer any thing on your account^ if yot^ will butjbew yourfelf fuch as they think you are^ and expell you Jbould be. Which faid, he fell upon Brutus^ asd embraced him^ and after This they parted, each to their feveral Friends. , . ^ Among thofe of Popfpey's Faftion there was one Caius Ligarius^ whom C^far had pardoned, tW accufed for having been in Arms againft him. This Man, not being fo thankful for having bee? forgiven, as ftomaching that Power which made him need aPardpn, hated C^far^ but was one pf Brutus his moft intimate Fri^ds. Brutus vificing himorie day and finding him fick, O Lig^rius, (ays he, in what a tim have you found out to be fick f At which Words Ligarius railing himfelf, and lean* ing on his Elbow, took Brutus by the Hand, an4 (aid, Buty O Brutus, if you areon anyDefign'mrthy tf your felf I am well From this time they itri^ the Inclinations of all their Acquaintance that they